ticks. On the center of this frame was a small stone altar,
from which issued the sacred fire. Immediately under the frame on the
ground was placed a knife and a bundle of splints, which were kept in
readiness for the infliction of the cruelties which I shall endeavor to
explain.

From the top of the lodge depended a number of cords, which, passing
through the roof, were held by men on the outside, who, on a given
signal, were to suspend the victims between heaven and earth.

An attendant now advanced to our side of the structure, bearing in his
arms two curious looking objects, which, on investigation, proved to be
sacks containing in each about two gallons of water. These were articles
of superstitious regard, and held in great veneration by the Indians.
They were constructed of the skin of the buffalo's neck, and most
elaborately sewed together in the form of a large tortoise, with a bunch
of eagle's quills appended to act the part of tail. Accompanying each
was a drumstick, and, with a few directions how to use it, he left us.

After a brief incantation, accompanied by more vigorous puffs at the big
pipe, the order was issued to remove the scaffold. The skulls were
placed on posts at the back of the lodge, and two stalwart savages took
up their positions in the center of the open space, one with the knife
in his hand, the other holding the splints.

One by one the candidates advanced; their frames were greatly emaciated
by the fasting, thirsting, and wakefulness to which they had subjected
themselves during four days. Placing themselves on their hands and feet,
or otherwise, as was best suited for the performance of the operation,
they were grasped roughly by the attendants, and an inch or more of
flesh taken up between the thumb and finger of the man who held the
knife.

The knife had been ground sharply on both sides, and then notched, so
that the effect of pushing it through the skin might be made as painful
as possible. As soon as the incision was made, the attendant ran a
skewer through the still quivering flesh. The cord was then lowered from
the roof and fastened to the splints, when, the signal being given, the
cords were tightened and the victim was suspended in mid-air. More
splints were passed through his shoulders, arms, thighs, and legs.

In some instances, they remained upon the ground until this painful
operation was completed. The time consumed in preparing the victims for
suspension was about