cattle,
or beasts of burden; and at another it is the cold-blooded and
calculating act of men of science, who make experiments on brute
animals, perhaps merely from a sort of curiosity.

I do not like to go into particulars, for many reasons, but one of
those instances which we read of as happening in this day, and which
seems more shocking than the rest, is when the poor dumb victim is
fastened against a wall, pierced, gashed, and so left to linger out
its life. Now, do you not see that I have a reason for saying this,
and am not using these distressing words for nothing? For what was
this but the very cruelty inflicted upon our Lord? He was gashed
with the scourge, pierced through hands and feet, and so fastened to
the Cross, and there left, and that as a spectacle. Now, what is it
moves our very hearts and sickens us so much as cruelty shown to poor
brutes? I suppose this first, that they have done no harm; next,
that they have no power whatever of resistance; it is the cowardice
and tyranny of which they are the victims which make their sufferings
so especially touching. For instance, if they were dangerous
animals, take the case of wild beasts at large, able not only to
defend themselves, but even to attack us; much as we might dislike to
hear of their wounds and agony, yet our feelings would be of a very
different kind, but there is something so very dreadful, so satanic
in tormenting those who never have harmed us, and who cannot defend
themselves, who are utterly in our power, who have weapons neither of
offence nor defence, that none but very hardened persons can endure
the thought of it.

Let us listen with all our hearts to this beautiful appeal. Let us
reverence the saintly man who made it, and who still speaks to us out of
the past. Let us remember that Knowledge and the search for it may often
be cruel, but that Wisdom and those who follow it are always merciful.

CHAPTER XI: THREE GREAT CHURCHMEN

I have already recorded in these pages the strenuous opposition to
vivisection displayed by the two greatest representatives of the Church
of Rome that arose in England in the last century; and to all who adhere
to that Church the authority of the two illustrious Cardinals Newman and
Manning must be decisive.

The most famous dignitaries of the English Church in the great Victorian
age were al