written.

2 Fisher Unwin, 1911.

3 T. N. Foulis, 1910.

4 See _Richard Wagner_, by Houston Stuart Chamberlain (translated by
G. A. Hight), pp. 15, 16.

5 Constable & Co., 1911.

6 See Author's Preface to "The Case of Wagner" in this volume.

7 Senta is the heroine in the "Flying Dutchman"--_Tr._

8 A character in "Tannhauser."--_Tr_.

9 See "The Will to Power," vol. ii., authorised English edition.--_Tr._

_ 10 Note._--It was a real disaster for aesthetics when the word drama got
to be translated by "action." Wagner is not the only culprit here,
the whole world does the same,--even the philologists who ought to
know better. What ancient drama had in view was _grand pathetic
scenes_,--it even excluded action (or placed it _before_ the piece or
_behind_ the scenes). The word drama is of Doric origin, and
according to the usage of the Dorian language it meant "event,"
"history,"--both words in a hieratic sense. The oldest drama
represented local legends, "sacred history," upon which the
foundation of the cult rested (--thus it was not "action," but
fatality. {~GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PERISPOMENI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~} in Doric has nothing to do with action).

11 Hegel and his school wrote notoriously obscure German.--_Tr._

12 Was Wagner a German at all? There are reasons enough for putting
this question. It is difficult to find a single German trait in his
character. Great learner that he was, he naturally imitated a great
deal that was German--but that is all. His very soul contradicts
everything which hitherto has been regarded as German, not to
mention German musicians!--His father was an actor of the name of
Geyer.{~HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS~} That which has been popularised hitherto as "Wagner's life"
is _fable convenue_ if not something worse. I confess my doubts on
any point which is vouched for by Wagner alone. He was not proud
enough to be able to suffer the truth about himself. Nobody had less
pride than he. Like Victor Hugo he remained true to himself even in
his biography,--he remained an actor.

13 This undoubtedly refers to Nietzsche's only disciple and friend,
Peter Gast--_Tr._

14 My "Genealogy of Morals" contains the best exposition of the
antithes