actical use of this convenient and portable instrument, an
utter disbelief in its reliability and value.

WORMS.

Cattle are not so subject to worms proper as are the other domestic
animals; nor, when these parasites do exist, is any injurious effect
apparent, except it be in the case of young calves of a weakly
constitution. Worms are most commonly located in the small intestines,
and cause there considerable irritation, and consequently, general
emaciation, or at least a tendency to it.

The cause, however, is easily removed by administering doses of sulphate
of iron, one-half drachm each, in molasses once or twice a day.

WORMS IN THE BRONCHIAL TUBES.

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes is often caused by worms of the
_strongylus_ species. Upon examination after death, the bronchial
passages are completely blocked-up by these hangers-on.

_Symptoms._--A rough, staring coat; hide-bound; painful cough;
respiration hurried, etc.

_Treatment._--But little can be done by way of treatment in this
disease. The administration of small doses of spirits of turpentine has,
in some instances, proved successful.

SURGICAL OPERATIONS.

CASTRATION.

The period most commonly selected for this operation is between the
first and third months. The nearer it is to the expiration of the first
month, the less danger attends the operation.

Some persons prepare the animal by the administration of a dose of
physic; but others proceed at once to the operation when it best suits
their convenience, or that of the farmer. Care, however, should be taken
that the young animal is in perfect health. The mode formerly practised
was simple enough:--a piece of whip-cord was tied as tightly as possible
around the scrotum. The supply of blood being thus completely cut off,
the bag and its contents soon became livid and dead, and were suffered
to hang, by some careless operators, until they dropped off, or they
were cut off on the second or third day.

It is now, however, the general practice to grasp the scrotum in the
hand, between the testicles and the belly, and to make an incision in
one side of it, near the bottom, of sufficient depth to penetrate
through the inner covering of the testicle, and of sufficient length to
admit of its escape. The testicle immediately bursts from its bag, and
is seen hanging by its cord.

The careless or brutal operator now firmly ties a piece of small string
around the cord, and having thus stop