ve offerings_, 51, 57, 660 ff.;
lists of, 165;
popular character, 668-9;
statues of kings votive offerings, 669;
occasions for, 670;
offered by kings and laymen, 671, 675;
various objects, 671, 675;
captured gods as offerings, 675.

_Warka_, see _Uruk_.

_Water_, see _Fire_ and _Ea_;
means of purification, 276, 279, 282, 289.

_Wedge writing_, styles and varieties, 19, 20;
origin, 21 ff., 454, 455.

_Witchcraft_, origin of belief in, 267;
relationship betw. w. and demons, 267;
the sex in w., 267, 342, 485;
means of w., 268;
protection against, 269;
release from, 285, 657;
causes of punishment by, 291.

_Worship_, tree worship compared with Hebrew-Phoenician Ashera cult,
689;
symbolical in Bab., 689.

_Xenophon_, contemporary of Ctesias, 1.

_Xisuthras_, 505;
see _Adra-Khasis_.

_Yakhin_, name of column in Solomon's temple, 624.

_Zab_, lower, tributary of Tigris, 192.

_Zabu_, king of Babylon, restores Shamash temple at Sippar, 117;
restores Anunit temple at Agade, 117.

_Zag-muk_, festival of Bau, 59, 677;
festival of Marduk, 127, 631, 678-9;
festival of En-lil, 678;
festival of Sin, 678;
festival of Nana, 678;
propitious time for asking oracles, 628-9;
spring and fall the time of the z., 678;
compared with Jewish New Year, 687.

_Zakar_, god, meaning of name, 172;
place of worship, 172;
"wall of Zakar," 172;
relationship to Bel and Belit, 172.

_Zamama_, god of the 2d Bab. period, 168;
sanctuary to Z. in Kish, 169;
god of battle (identified with Ninib, 640), 169;
Ninni his consort, 169;
in incantations, 273;
temple of Zamama-Ninib, 640.

_Zarmu_, son of Bau, 103.

_Za-za-uru_, son of Bau, 103.

_Zikkurat_, staged tower, 615;
imitation of mountain, 615;
house of oracle, 622;
names of zikkurats, 638 ff.

_Zodiac_, z. system outcome of religious thought, 247, 434;
zodiacal interpretation of the gods, 82, 310-1, 434, 462-3, 676;
almost the entire zodiac known to the Babylonians, 456.

_Zoroastrianism_, 45.

_Zu_, personification of storm, 525, 537;
myth of Zu, 537 ff.;
compared with Tiamat epic, 543;
explanation of name, 537;
the chief worker of evil, 538;
under the control of Shamash, 538;
robs the tablets of fate, 540;
conquered by Marduk, 542.

_Zurghul_, city in Babylonia, 578.

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