8: Tudor, _O. and S._, p. 20.]

[Footnote 39: Rods used for dividing and pressing downwards.]

[Footnote 40: See _Scandinavian Britain_ (Collingwood), p. 256-7,
where Mr. Gilbert Goudie's _Antiquities of Shetland_ is referred to.]

CHAPTER IV.

[Footnote 1: _Reg. Morav._, p. xxiv, and _Charter_ No. 264, p. 342.]

[Footnote 2: Dunbar, _Scottish Kings_, pp. 4-7.]

[Footnote 3: Some authorities hold that Macbeth was the son of a
sister of Malcolm. His property was probably in Ross and Cromarty. See
also Rhys' _Celtic Britain_, p. 196.]

[Footnote 4: Skuli was first Earl of Caithness, which then included
Sutherland, see _ante_, but he was Norse.]

[Footnote 5: _O.S._, 16.]

[Footnote 6: Trithing--the same word as Riding in Yorkshire,
one-third. See _Scot. Hist. Review_, Oct. 1918. J. Storer Clouston.
Ulfreksfirth is Larne Bay.]

[Footnote 7: _O.S._, 17, 18.]

[Footnote 8: _O.S._, 20, 21, and _St. Olaf's Saga_, cix.]

[Footnote 9: _O.S._, 22.]

[Footnote 10: _O.S._, 22. See _Corpus Poeticum Boreale_, vol. ii, pp.
180-3, 195 and notes.]

[Footnote 11: _O.S._, 22. Dunbar, _Scottish Kings_, p. 15 and note
22. The Standing Stane was removed to Altyre about 1820. See Romilly
Allen, _Early Christian Monuments of Scotland_, p. 136, "removed from
the College field at the village of Roseisle."]

[Footnote 12: _O.S._, 22.]

[Footnote 13: _O.S._, 22, 23.]

[Footnote 14: Robertson, _Early Kings_, vol. i, p. 116 and note, 116
and 117.]

[Footnote 15: _O.S._, 23, 24, 25, 26. _St. Olaf's Saga_, c. cviii,
ccxlv.]

[Footnote 16: _O.S._, 27. These raids are unknown to English
historians.]

[Footnote 17: _O.S._, 30.]

[Footnote 18: _O.S._, 31.]

[Footnote 19: _O.S._, 33, 34. See Tudor's _Orkney and Shetland_, p.
356. "Roland's Geo" is at the N. end of Papa Stronsay.]

[Footnote 20: "Christ Church" in the Sagas denotes a Cathedral
Church.]

[Footnote 21: _O.S._, 37. See _Chronicles of the Picts and Scots_
(Skene), p. 78.]

[Footnote 22: _O.S._, 13-39.]

[Footnote 23: Pope, _Torf._ (Trans.), p. 62 note. See _Genealogie of
the Earles_, p. 135.]

CHAPTER V.

[Footnote 1: _Short Magnus Saga_, I. _O.S._, 37.]

[Footnote 2: _O.S._, 38.]

[Footnote 3: See _Orkney and Shetland Folk_ (Viking Society, 1914),
A.W. Johnston's note, p. 35. See Dunbar's _Scottish Kings_, p. 7.]

[Footnote 4: See _Dalrymple's Collections_ (1705), p. 153 for the date
of Malcolm's marriage with St. Margaret, p. 157, where