scope, which plainly shows the condition
mentioned, and the difference between the healthy tissues and those thus
diseased.

[Illustration: Fig. 38.--Principal Muscles on the Left Side of Neck.

A, buccinator;
B, masseter;
C, depressor anguli oris;
D, anterior portion of the digastric;
E, mylo-hyoid;
F, tendon of the digastric;
G, sterno-hyoid;
H, sterno-thyroid;
K, omo-hyoid;
L, sternal origin of sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle;
M, superior fibers of deltoid;
N, posterior scalenus;
O, clavicular origin of sterno-cleido-mastoid;
P, sterno-cleido-mastoid;
R, trapezius;
S, anterior constrictor;
T, splenius capitis;
V, stylo-hyoid;
W, posterior portion of the digastric;
X, fasciculi of ear muscles;
Z, occipital.
]

[NOTE. It was proposed during the Civil War to give each soldier in a
certain army one gill of whiskey a day, because of great hardship and
exposure. The eminent surgeon, Dr. Frank H. Hamilton of New York, thus
expressed his views of the question: "It is earnestly desired that no
such experiment will ever be repeated in the armies of the United
States. In our own mind, the conviction is established, by the
experience and observation of a life, that the regular routine
employment of alcoholic stimulants by man in health is never, under
any circumstances, useful. We make no exceptions in favor of cold or
heat or rain."

"It seems to me to follow from these Arctic experiences that the
regular use of spirits, even in moderation, under conditions of great
physical hardship, continued and exhausting labor, or exposure to
severe cold cannot be too strongly deprecated."

A. W. Greely, retired Brigadier General, U.S.A., and formerly leader
of the Greely Expedition.]

79. Effect of Tobacco on the Muscles. That other prominent narcotic,
tobacco, impairs the energy of the muscles somewhat as alcohol does, by
its paralyzing effect upon the nervous system. As all muscular action
depends on the integrity of the nervous system, whatever lays its
deadening hand upon that, saps the vigor and growth of the entire frame,
dwarfs the body, and retards mental development. This applies especially
to the young, in the growing age between twelve or fourteen and twenty,
the very time when the healthy body is being well knit and compacted.

Hence many public schools, as well as our national naval and military
academie