ins are preserved in the Field Museum in Chicago
and to this genus the Berlin authorities now refer their largest and
finest skeleton. If the Berlin specimens are correctly referred to
_Brachiosaurus_ they indicate an animal somewhat exceeding
_Diplodocus_ or _Brontosaurus_ in total bulk but distinguished by much
longer fore limbs and an immensely long neck--a giraffe-like wader
adapted to take refuge in deeper waters, more out of reach of the
fierce carnivores of the land.[14]

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 11: The mounted Skeleton of Brontosaurus, by W.D. Matthew,
Amer. Mus. Jour. Vol. v, pp. 63-70, figs. 1-5.]

[Footnote 12: Professor Williston makes the following criticism of
this theory:

"I cannot agree with this view--the animals _must_ have laid
their eggs upon land--for the reason that reptile eggs cannot
hatch in water. S.W.W."

But with deference to Williston's high authority I may note that there
is no evidence that the Sauropoda were egg-laying reptiles. They, or
some of them, may have been viviparous like the Ichthyosaurus.]

[Footnote 13: European palaeontologists, especially Huxley and Seeley
in England, had also recognized their true relationships, and Seeley's
term Cetiosauria has precedence over Sauropoda, although the latter is
in common use.]

[Footnote 14: It is of interest to observe that in this group of
Sauropoda, the Brachiosauridae, the neural spines of the vertebrae are
much simpler and narrower than in the Brontosaurus and Diplodocus. The
attachments were thus less extensive for the muscles of the back,
indicating that these muscles were less powerful. This difference is
correlated by Professor Williston with the longer fore limbs of the
Brachiosaurus, as signifying that the animal was less able, as indeed
he had less need, to rise up upon the hind limbs, in comparison with
Diplodocus or Brontosaurus in which the fore limbs were relatively
short.]

CHAPTER VI.

THE BEAKED DINOSAURS.

ORDER ORTHOPODA (ORNITHISCHIA OR PREDENTATA.)

The peculiar feature of this group of Dinosaurs is the horny beak or
bill. The bony core sutured to the front of the upper and lower jaws
was covered in life by a horny sheath, as in birds or turtles. But
this is not the only feature in which they came nearer to birds than
do the other Dinosaurs. The pelvic or hip bones are much more
bird-like in many respects, especially the backward direction of the
pubic bone, the presence of a prepubis,