nd the sum of one thousand pesos for the foundation of the college
of Santo Tomas at Manila.

[50] The route of this expedition was evidently up the Rio Grande
de Pampanga, northward through the present provinces of Pampanga and
Nueva Ecija; the headwaters of this stream are separated by the ridge
of Caraballo Sur from those of the Rio Grande de Cagayan. Crossing
these mountains, the Spaniards found themselves, at the southern end
of Nueva Viscaya, at the sources of one of the two great branches
of the latter river, the Magat River--the one which is named Tuy in
our text. It joins the main stream of the Rio Grande de Cagayan, a
few miles above Ilagan, in the province of Isabela, and the united
streams flow northward through the entire length of that province
and of Cagayan, falling into the sea below Aparri, on the northern
coast of Luzon. See the short account of this expedition given in
_Vol_. VIII, pp. 250, 251.

[51] A species of orange-colored agate, of great beauty.

[52] This city is no longer in existence; it has been replaced by
the town of Lallo, formerly only a district of that city.

[53] In the MS., _cabra_; but this may be only a copyist's conjecture
for an illegible word.

[54] The Igorrotes first appear under the name Ygolot, which was
applied to the inhabitants of Benguet; and those people probably
represent the original tribe. The name was later applied to all
the head-hunters of northern Luzon, then collectively to all in the
Philippine Islands, and is now almost synonymous with "wild." The
district assigned to the real Igorrotes is a matter of controversy
among various authors, as are also their various characteristics,
and their origin. Certain characteristics point to infusions of
Chinese and Japanese blood. Comparatively few of them have embraced
Christianity. They live in villages of three or four hundred, with
a chief in each, who is usually the richest man, and whose lands
the common people cultivate. They are generally monogamous, and
respect the marriage tie highly. They believe in a supreme being
whom they call Apo or Lu-ma-oig; his wife Bangan; his daughter
Bugan; and his son Ubban. There are two inferior gods Cabigat and
Suyan. Their priests are called Maubunung and they heal sickness
with charms and incantations. They believe in two places of abode
after death: one pleasant and cheerful, for those who die a natural
death; the other a real heaven, for warriors killed in battle and
w