most certain profit of fifteen or twenty francs,
which must be realized before the day's operations are over. He said
he was forced to speculate, as the pension which he received from the
Government was not sufficient to keep him from starvation. L'Argent.

CHAVIGNAT, an employee at the Ministry of Public Education. Pot-Bouille.

CHEDEVILLE (DE), deputy for Eure-et-Loire under the Empire. He was an
old beau who had flourished in the reign of Louis Philippe, and
was still supposed to have Orleanist sympathies, though his reputed
friendship with the Emperor was sufficient to secure his success at the
polls. He had gone through all his money, and had now only the farm of
La Chamade left. His political career was cut short by a scandal which
gave offence at the Tuileries, and he was defeated by Rochefontaine, who
was nominated by Government as the official candidate. La Terre.

CHERMETTE (MADAME DE), a friend of Madame Deberle. Une Page d'Amour.

CHEVASSU, a lawyer at Faverolles, who died leaving his fortune to the
Sisters of the Holy Family. His cousin, M. Charbonnel, got the will
reduced on the ground of undue influence. Son Excellence Eugene Rougon.

CHEZELLES (MADAME LEONIDE DE), a school friend of Comtesse Muffat, who
was five years her senior. She was the wife of a magistrate. "It was
rumoured that she deceived him quite openly, but people pardoned her
offence, and received her just the same, because, said they, 'She's not
answerable for her actions.'" Nana.

CHIBRAY (COMTE DE), aide-de-camp to the Emperor. He was for a time the
lover of Renee Saccard. La Curee.

CHOUARD (MARQUIS DE), father of Comtesse Sabine Muffat de Beuville.
He was a Councillor of State and Chamberlain to the Empress, but,
notwithstanding this, had kept up his relations with the Legitimist
party; he was known for his piety, and expressed the belief that his
class should show an example in morals to the lower orders. In secret,
however, his life was vicious, and many damaging stories were known
of him. He was one of Nana's admirers, and after a visit to her he was
struck by sudden imbecility and semi-paralysis, the result of sixty
years of debauchery. Nana.

CHOUARD (SABINE DE), daughter of the preceding and wife of Comte Muffat
de Beuville. She was married at seventeen, and ever since had led a
cloistered existence with a pious husband and a dictatorial stepmother.
The death of her stepmother made little difference, and the family
continu