aginal anus
recorded. Langlet cites an instance in which the intestine terminated
in the bladder. Arand mentions recovery after atresia of the anus with
passage of excrement from the vulva. Bartholinus, the Ephemerides,
Fothergill, de la Croix, Riedlin, Weber, and Zacutus Lusitanus mention
instances in which gas was passed by the penis and urethra. Camper
records such a case from ulcer of the neighboring or connecting
intestine; Frank, from cohesion and suppuration of the rectum;
Marcellus Donatus, from penetrating ulcer of the rectum; and Petit,
from communication of the rectum and bladder in which a cure was
effected by the continued use of the catheter for the evacuation of
urine.

Flatus through the vagina, vulva, and from the uterus is mentioned by
Bartholinus, the Ephemerides, Meckel, Mauriceau, Paullini, Riedlin,
Trnka, and many others in the older literature. Dickinson mentions a
Burmese male child, four years old, who had an imperforate anus and
urethra, but who passed feces and urine successfully through an opening
at the base of the glans penis. Dickinson eventually performed a
successful operation on this case. Modern literature has many similar
instances.

In the older literature it was not uncommon to find accounts of persons
passing worms from the bladder, no explanations being given to account
for their presence in this organ. Some of these cases were doubtless
instances of echinococcus, trichinae, or the result of rectovesical
fistula, but Riverius mentions an instance in which, after drinking
water containing worms, a person passed worms in the urine. In the old
Journal de physique de Rozier is an account of a man of forty-five who
enjoyed good health, but who periodically urinated small worms from the
bladder. They were described as being about 1 1/2 lines long, and
caused no inconvenience. There is also mentioned the case of a woman
who voided worms from the bladder. Tupper describes a curious case of a
woman of sixty-nine who complained of a severe, stinging pain that
completely overcame her after micturition. An ulceration of the neck of
the bladder was suspected, and the usual remedies were applied, but
without effect. An examination of the urine was negative. On
recommendation of her friends the patient, before going to bed, steeped
and drank a decoction of knot-grass. During the night she urinated
freely, and claimed that she had passed a worm about ten inches long
and of the size of a knitti