lgarska Narodna Armiya); _Resorts_, a bimonthly journal
printed in Russian, French, English, and German; and _Lov i Ribolov_.

RADIO

In 1939 there were three radio stations and over 60,000 subscribers (see
table 12). Approximately one out of every 100 Bulgarian citizens owned a
radio set.

_Table 12. Bulgaria, Number of Radio Stations and Subscribers, Selected
Years, 1939-71_

----------------------------+--------+---------+-----------+-----------
| 1939 | 1948 | 1960 | 1971
----------------------------+--------+---------+-----------+-----------
Radio stations: | | | |
Mediumwave | n.a. | n.a. | 5 | 12
Shortwave | n.a. | n.a. | 2 | 4
Ultra-shortwave | n.a. | n.a. | 0 | 11
Number of radio stations | 3 | 5 | 7 | 27
Number of relay stations | n.a. | 41 | 1,347 | 1,835
Number of radio subscribers | 62,677 | 210,366 | 1,430,653 | 2,304,567
Number of radio receivers | 62,677 | 201,866 | 868,950 | 1,546,163
Subscribers* | 10 | 30 | 182 | 269
----------------------------+--------+---------+-----------+-----------
n.a.--not available.
* Per 1,000 population.

As of March 26, 1948, the state controlled not only the management of
radio stations and the content of radio programs but also the
manufacture, distribution, and sale of radio equipment. The ownership
and operation of radios were subject to the chief directorate of radio
information according to the Law on Radio. Article 15 of this law stated
that private homes could only receive programs of Bulgarian radio
stations. Article 17 of the same law stated that all people wishing to
purchase radios had to receive prior authorization and pay a radio tax.

The ideological purposes of radio broadcasts are presented by the
government in quasi-cold war terms. One radio commentator, Lyuben Popov,
has described the radio as a weapon for waging war on the air. He
explained that "the struggle on the air is becoming sharper and sharper
and more and more uncompromising.... Our propaganda work is part of the
ideological struggle for victory of communist ideas." Radio is perceived
as serving two principal ends. On the domestic level it serves to
provide information as well as propaganda to the public