ere readily closed by a needle
and cotton borrowed from the wife of a railway porter.

If aseptic sponges or pads are not available, boiled squares of ordinary
lint may be employed for the belly, and towels wrung out of 1 to 20
carbolic acid solution used to surround the field of operation. Whenever
there is any likelihood of the necessity for operations, water boiled
and filtered should be kept ready in special bottles.

When septic peritonitis was already present, the ordinary procedure of
dry mopping, followed by irrigation, was necessary, before closing the
belly.

The after-treatment should be on the usual lines as to feeding, &c.

I am unaware to what degree success followed intestinal operations
generally during the campaign. I saw only one case in which the small
intestine had been treated by excision and the insertion of a Murphy's
button in which a cure followed: this case was in the Scottish Royal Red
Cross hospital under the care of Mr. Luke. I heard of two cases in which
the large intestine was successfully sutured, and of one other in which
recovery followed the removal of a considerable length of the small
bowel for multiple wounds.

In concluding these most unsatisfactory remarks, I should add that the
impressions are those that were gained as the result of the conditions
by which we were bound in South Africa, and which might recur even in a
more civilised region. Under really satisfactory conditions nothing I
saw in my South African experience would lead me to recommend any
deviation from the ordinary rules of modern surgery, except in so far as
I should be more readily inclined to believe that wounds in certain
positions already indicated might occur without perforation of the bowel
when produced by bullets of small calibre; and further in cases where I
believed the fixed portion of the large bowel was the segment of the
alimentary canal that had been exposed to risk, I should not be inclined
to operate hastily.

A careful consideration of the whole of the cases that I saw leaves me
with the firm impression that perforating wounds of the small intestine
differ in no way in their results and consequences when produced by
small-calibre bullets, from those of every-day experience, although when
there is reason merely to suspect their presence an exploration is not
indicated under circumstances that may add a fresh danger to the
patient.

_Wounds of the urinary bladder._--Perforating wounds of the