ny Europeans till the discovery of
the Moluccas by the Portuguese." Duarte Barbosa, in _East Africa and
Malabar_ (Stanley's trans., Hakluyt Society edition, London, 1866),
pp. 219-220, quotes cloves from Maluco as worth per bahar in Calicut
500 and 600 fanoes; and, when clean of husks and sticks, 700 fanoes,
19 fanoes being paid as export duty. At Maluco they were worth from one
to two ducats per bahar, and in Malacca as much as fourteen. Captain
John Saris (see Satow's edition of _Voyage of Capt. John Saris_,
Hakluyt Society publications, p. 33) bought cloves for "60 rials of
8 per Bahar of 200 Cattyes."

[59] See Satow's _Voyage of Capt. John Saris, ut supra_, pp. 224,
225, 228, 229, for names and prices of various kinds of silks.

[60] _Cuarto_: a copper coin worth four maravedis.

[61] Saris (_Voyage_, pp. 216, 225) mentions the following Chinese
goods: "Veluet Hangings imbroydered with gold, eighteene Rialls;
vpon Sattins, fourteene Rials." "Imbrodered Hangings, called Poey,
the best ten Rials the piece."

[62] Spanish, _palo de China_; also known as "China root;" the root
of _Smilax china_. It is not now used, but formerly had great repute
for the cure of venereal diseases as well as for gout. Linschoten has
a long account of its virtues and mode of use, in _Voyage_ (Hakluyt
Society's edition), ii, pp. 107-112; see also i, p. 239. Cf. Pyrard
de Laval's _Voyage_, i, p. 182.

[63] The cruzado was an old coin of Castilla and Portugal. The
Castilian coin was of gold, silver, or copper, and of different
values. The Portuguese coin, evidently the one of our text, was worth
ten reals de vellon in Spain. See _Dicc. nacional ... de la lengua
Espanola_ (Madrid, 1878).

[64] So in the copy which we follow. Literally translated this is
"butter," which causes doubt as to the correctness of the copy.

[65] The _larin_ was a silver coin that takes its name from the city
of Lar in Persia. It has been current in a number of eastern countries
and districts, among them Persia, the Maldives, Goa, and the Malabar
coast, Ceylon, and Kandy. It has gone out of circulation, although
the name is preserved in certain copper coins at the Maldives. The
ancient coin was of various shapes, that of the Maldives being about
as long as the finger and double, having Arabic characters stamped on
it; that of Ceylon resembled a fishhook: those of Kandy are described
as a piece of silver wire rolled up like a wax taper. When a person
wishes to