of the plain is bad to Hizarnow, three miles from
thence it is very stony, thence continuing on the skirts of the hills,
which are principally slate, and passing through a small ravine, it then
extends over sandy or stony ground, until the Chota Khyber is reached:
this is a narrow, but short, and not very steep pass; slate rocks compose
the upper parts, and are entirely disintegrated, thence they descend at
once into the plain opposite Lalpore; the distance of the march is eleven
miles, the road generally decent.

Much rice cultivation occurs, and much land, it must be confessed, also
occupied by marshy ground, Typha, etc. The same plants continue; Butomus
trigonifolius not uncommon.

On the slate rocks of Buttencote Kochia recurs, Heliotropium luteum,
Nerioides, and Lycioides of Shikarpore are found.

Near Hizarnow, Serissa, Acaciae sp., which is the black wood of Madras;
Sissoo, and _Bheirs_. Hizarnow is a large place, curiously occupying
receding slopes of the base of a low range of hills, but it must be
dreadfully hot. We passed several _Kaburistans_ with pollarded, stunted,
excavated _Furas_ trees. One mile before Hizarnow, a curious hill of
slate occurred, covered with boulders.

The road is very winding in consequence of its following the bases of the
hills forming the southern boundary of the valley. The Cabul river is
visible almost throughout the whole march.

All houses in the villages are now roofed in this part of the country
with straw. Starlings observed in swarms.

_31st_.--Halted at Lalpore, this is a very busy large place: the houses
are one-storied, and flat-roofed. The only peculiarity being occasional
square towers. The river is here quite open for commerce downwards, and
is well adapted to small canoes: the stream is rapid and crossed by a
ferry.

On rocks under which the river flows near this, a species of Fissidens
occurs, where the rocky surface has passed into sand. Glycyrrhiza,
Rubus, Artemisia, Asparagus, Pommereulla, Andropogon albus, Arundo,
Cyrthandracea, an Hyoscyamus of the Bolan Pass, Beebee Nanee,
Heliotropium flavum.

It would be curious to enquire why the powers of variation change so
completely in the different families? Thus for instance in Orchideae, no
character can be taken from the vegetation with some limitations, and
none from the fruit or seeds; two products in most orders very fruitful
in discriminating marks. This leads one to the idea that in
monocotyl