ying to the public. Says Rear Admiral Chadwick: "The city of
Newport, Rhode Island, has now a form of government that awakens the
interest of the citizens, keeps that interest awake, and conducts
its affairs in obedience to the wishes of the majority." Charleston,
S. C., Elmira, New York, Los Angeles, Cal., are but a few of the
typical American cities which have successfully adopted the ordinary
mayor and council form. Says Mayor Rhett, of Charleston: "I am the
executive of a city that has been under a mayor and council for over
one hundred years. It is quite as capable of prompt action on any
matter as any business corporation." The National Municipal League,
composed of such men as Albert Shaw, of New York City, and Professor
Rowe of the University of Pennsylvania, appointed a committee to
formulate a definite program of reform. This committee did not even
consider the abandoning of distinct legislative and administrative
bodies, but, after three years of unremitting effort, presented a
working system, embodying, in the words of the committee itself, the
"essential principle of all successful government," namely, the
proper correlation between the legislative and administrative
departments. That program has left marked traces in the constitution
of Virginia, Alabama, Colorado, New York, Wisconsin, Michigan, and
Delaware.

Proper correlation between departments is best facilitated in the
cabinet form, because all governing power is vested in the
legislative body, which in turn delegates all administrative
functions to the cabinet. However, many cities have properly
correlated mayor and council by utilizing the model charter of the
National Municipal League. The Negative, therefore, is here to
promulgate no specific form for all American cities: conditions in
Boston may require a different mechanism from that in San Francisco,
but whatever form, the underlying principle of a proper division of
functions must be embodied. The Affirmative must admit that proper
correlation of departments has brought about municipal success, as
far as mere organization can do so, yet, notwithstanding that, after
fifteen years of misrule under the commission form in Sacramento the
freeholders by unanimous choice again adopted distinct legislative
and administrative bodies; and that the commission form ha