d Islamic law; ultimate appeal to
the monarch; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Pakistan
based on English common law with provisions to accommodate
Pakistan's status as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Palau
based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature,
municipal, common, and customary laws
Palmyra Atoll
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Panama
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative
acts in the Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Papua New Guinea
based on English common law
Paraguay
based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes;
judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Peru
based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
with reservations
Philippines
based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Pitcairn Islands
local island by-laws
Poland
mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and holdover
Communist legal theory; changes being gradually introduced as part
of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of
legislative acts, but rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are
final; court decisions can be appealed to the European Court of
Justice in Strasbourg; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Portugal
civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the
constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Puerto Rico
based on Spanish civil code and within the US Federal
system of justice
Qatar
discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although
civil codes are being implemented; Shari'a law dominates family and
personal matters
Romania
former mixture of civil law system and communist legal
theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic
Russia
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Rwanda
based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary
law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Saint Helena
British common law and statutes, supplemented by local
statutes
Saint Kitts and Nevis
based on English common law
Sai
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