voluntary military service;
conscript service obligation - two years (2002)

Manpower available for military service:
males age 18-49: 60,543,028
females age 18-49: 59,981,730 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:
males age 18-49: 48,687,234
females age 18-49: 50,252,911 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually:
males age 18-49: 2,201,047
females age 18-49: 2,139,573 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$1.3 billion (2004)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
3% (2004)

Transnational Issues Indonesia

Disputes - international:
East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet, survey,
and delimit land boundary, but several sections of the boundary
remain unresolved; many East Timorese refugees who left in 2003
still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; Indonesia and
East Timor contest the sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island
of Pulau Batek/Fatu Sinai, which hinders a decision on a northern
maritime boundary; a 1997 treaty between Indonesia and Australia
settled some parts of their maritime boundary but outstanding issues
remain; ICJ's award of Sipadan and Ligitan islands to Malaysia in
2002 left maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Celebes Sea in
dispute, culminating in hostile confrontations in March 2005 over
concessions to the Ambalat oil block; the ICJ decision has prompted
Indonesia to assert claims to and to establish a presence on its
smaller outer islands; Indonesia and Singapore pledged in 2005 to
finalize their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining
unresolved areas north of Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists,
squatters, and illegal migrants create repatriation problems for
Papua New Guinea; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait

Refugees and internally displaced persons:
IDPs: 200,000-350,000 (government offensives against rebels in
Aceh; most IDPs in Aceh, Central Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi
Provinces, and Maluku), 300,000 (December 2006 floods in Aceh
regions) (2006)

Trafficking in persons:
current situation: Indonesia is a source, transit, and destination
country for women, children and men trafficked for the purposes of
sexual exploitation and forced labor; Indonesian victims are
trafficked to Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Hong Kong,
Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore; a significant number of
Indonesian