e of string or tape may be tied round them, or by
raising the lower jaw the teeth may be made to retain the tongue in that
position. Remove all tight clothing from about the neck and chest,
especially the braces.

TO IMITATE THE MOVEMENTS OF BREATHING.--Standing at the patient's head,
grasp the arms just above the elbows, and draw the arms gently and
steadily upwards above the head, and _keep them stretched_ upwards for
two seconds. (_By this means air is drawn into the lungs_.) Then turn
down the patient's arms, and press them gently and firmly for two
seconds against the sides of the chest. (_By this means air is pressed
out of the lungs_.)

Repeat these measures alternately, deliberately, and perseveringly about
fifteen times in a minute, _until a spontaneous effort to respire is
perceived_, immediately upon which cease to imitate the movements of
breathing, and proceed to INDUCE CIRCULATION AND WARMTH.

IV. TREATMENT AFTER NATURAL BREATHING HAS BEEN RESTORED--TO PROMOTE
WARMTH AND CIRCULATION.

Commence rubbing the limbs upwards, with firm grasping pressure and
energy, using handkerchiefs, flannels, etcetera: [_by this measure the
blood is propelled along the veins towards the heart_.]

The friction must be continued under the blanket or over the dry
clothing.

Promote the warmth of the body by the application of hot flannels,
bottles or bladders of hot water, heated bricks, etcetera, to the pit of
the stomach, the arm-pits, between the thighs, and to the soles of the
feet.

If the patient has been carried to a house after respiration has been
restored, be careful to let the air play freely about the room.

On the restoration of life a teaspoonful of water warm should be given;
and then, if the power of swallowing have returned, small quantities of
wine, warm brandy and water, or coffee, should be administered. The
patient should be kept in bed, and a disposition to sleep encouraged.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

The above treatment should be persevered in for some hours, as it is an
erroneous opinion that persons are irrecoverable because life does not
soon make its appearance, persons having been restored after persevering
for many hours.

APPEARANCES WHICH GENERALLY ACCOMPANY DEATH.--Breathing and the heart's
action cease entirely, the eyelids are generally half-closed, the pupils
dilated, the jaws clenched, the fingers semi-contracted; the tongue
approaches to the under edges of the lips, and these