shops had been reduced to fourteen by a sickly season which preceded:
and all these, except the bishop of Landaff, having refused compliance,
were degraded from their sees: but of the inferior clergy throughout all
England, where there are near ten thousand parishes, only eighty
rectors and vicars, fifty prebendaries fifteen heads of colleges,
twelve archdeacons, and as many deans, sacrificed their livings to their
religious principles.[***]

* Camden, p. 375. Sir Simon d'Ewes.

** It is thought remarkable by Camden, that though this
session was the first of the reign, no person was attainted;
but on the contrary, some restored in blood by the
parliament; a good symptom of the lenity, at least of the
prudence, of the queen's government; and that it should
appear remarkable, is a proof of the rigor of preceding
reigns.

*** Camden, p. 376. Heylin, p. 115. Strype, vol. i. p. 73,
with some small variations.

Those in high ecclesiastic stations, being exposed to the eyes of
the public, seem chiefly to have placed a point of honor in their
perseverance; but on the whole, the Protestants, in the former
change introduced by Mary, appear to have been much more rigid and
conscientious. Though the Catholic religion, adapting itself to the
senses, and enjoining observances which enter into the common train of
life, does at present lay faster hold on the mind than the reformed,
which, being chiefly spiritual, resembles more a system of metaphysics,
yet was the proportion of zeal, as well as of knowledge, during the
first ages after the reformation, much greater on the side of the
Protestants. The Catholics continued, ignorantly and supinely, in their
ancient belief, or rather their ancient practices: but the reformers,
obliged to dispute on every occasion, and inflamed to a degree of
enthusiasm by novelty and persecution had strongly attached themselves
to their tenets; and were ready to sacrifice their fortunes, and even
their lives, in support of their speculative and abstract principles.

The forms and ceremonies still preserved in the English liturgy, as
they bore some resemblance to the ancient service, tended further to
reconcile the Catholics to the established religion; and as the queen
permitted no other mode of worship, and at the same time struck out
every thing that could be offensive to them in the new liturgy,[*]
even those who were addicted to the Romish communi