the other hand grasps the
humerus and lifts the boy off the ground, and the head of the bone
slips readily back into place. After we are assured that the reduction
is complete, a strictorium is prepared, consisting of the _pulvis
ruber_, egg-albumen and a little wheat flour, with which the shoulder
is to be rubbed. Finally, when all seems to be going on well, warm
_spata drapum_ (sparadrap) is to be applied upon a bandage, and if
necessary the apostolicon ointment.

Dislocation of the elbow is reduced by passing a bandage around the
bend of the arm, forming in this a loop (_scapham_) into which the
foot of the surgeon is to be placed for counter-extension, while with
the hands extension is to be made upon the forearm until the bones are
drawn into their normal position. Flexion and extension of the joint
are then to be practised three or four times (to assure complete
reduction?), and the forearm flexed and supported by a bandage from
the neck. After a few days, Gilbert tells us, the patient will himself
often try to flex and extend the arm, and the bandage should be so
applied as not to interfere with these movements.

Dislocation of the wrist is reduced by gentle extension from the hand
and counter-extension from the forearm, and dislocation of the fingers
by a similar manipulation.

After so full a consideration of the surgical injuries of the head,
trunk and upper extremities, we are somewhat surprised to find
Gilbert's discussion of the similar injuries of the lower extremities
condensed into a single very moderate chapter entitled "De vulneribus
cruris et tybie" (f. 358a b).

In this, Gilbert, emphasizing the importance of wounds of the patella
and knee-joint and the necessity for their careful treatment, also
declares that wounds of both the leg and thigh within three inches of
the joints, or in the fleshy portion of the thigh _ubi organum est_
(?), involve considerable danger. He then speaks of a blackish, hard
and very painful tumor of the thigh, which, when it ascends the
thigh (_ad superiora ascendit_) is mortal, but if it descends is
less dangerous. Separation of the sacrum (_vertebrum_) from the ilium
(_scia_), either by accident or from the corrosion of humors, leaves
the patient permanently lame, though suitable fomentations and
inunctions may produce some improvement. Sprains of the ankle are to
be treated by placing the joint immediately in very cold water _ad
repercussionem spiritus et sanguinis_,