: 18,103 km 1.435-m gauge; Italian Railways (FS)
operates 15,942 km of the total standard gauge routes (11,299 km
electrified)
narrow gauge: 56 km 1.000-m gauge (56 km electrified); 1,278 km
0.950-m gauge (19 km electrified) (1996)

Highways:
total: 317,000 km
paved: 317,000 km (including 9,500 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1996 est.)

Waterways: 2,400 km for various types of commercial traffic, although
of limited overall value

Pipelines: crude oil 1,703 km; petroleum products 2,148 km; natural
gas 19,400 km

Ports and harbors: Ancona, Augusta (Sicily), Bari, Cagliari
(Sardinia), Catania (Sicily), Gaeta, Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno,
Naples, Oristano (Sardinia), Palermo (Sicily), Piombino, Porto Torres
(Sardinia), Ravenna, Savona, Trieste, Venice

Merchant marine:
total: 365 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,032,728 GRT/7,076,307
DWT
ships by type: bulk 29, cargo 47, chemical tanker 39, combination
ore/oil 2, container 15, liquefied gas tanker 30, multifunction
large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 98, passenger 5, roll-on/roll-off
cargo 51, short-sea passenger 30, specialized tanker 11, vehicle
carrier 7 (1997 est.)

Airports: 136 (1997 est.)

Airports-with paved runways:
total: 96
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 33
1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
914 to 1,523 m: 30
under 914 m: 12 (1997 est.)

Airports-with unpaved runways:
total: 40
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 20
under 914 m: 18 (1997 est.)

Heliports: 3 (1997 est.)

@Italy:Military

Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri

Military manpower-military age: 18 years of age

Military manpower-availability:
males age 15-49: 14,249,145 (1998 est.)

Military manpower-fit for military service:
males: 12,314,086 (1998 est.)

Military manpower-reaching military age annually:
males: 324,437 (1998 est.)

Military expenditures-dollar figure: $20.4 billion (1995)

Military expenditures-percent of GDP: 1.9% (1995)

@Italy:Transnational Issues

Disputes-international: Italy is negotiating with Slovenia over
property and minority rights issues dating from World War II; Croatia
and Italy made progress toward resolving a bilateral issue dating from
WWII over property and ethnic minority rights

Illicit drugs: important gateway for and consumer of Latin American
cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market

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JAMAICA

@Jamaica:Geography