ining limestone
for blast furnace flux, and occasionally in excavating large railway
cuttings. It is also applied in submarine blasting for the removal of
reefs obstructing navigation, and sometimes for loosening extensive
banks of partly cemented gold-bearing gravel, preparatory to washing
by hydraulic mining.

AUTHORITIES.--For further information on drilling and blasting
see:--Callon, _Lectures on Mining_ (1876), vol. i. chs. v. and vi.;
Foster, _Text-book of Ore and Stone Mining_, (1900), ch. iv.; Hughes,
_Text-book of Coal Mining_ (1901), ch. iii.; H.S. Drinker,
_Tunnelling, Explosive Compounds and Rock Drills_ (1878); M.C.
Ihlseng, _Manual of Mining_ (1905), pp. 596-696; Kohler, _Der
Bergbaukunde_ (1897), pp. 104-208; Daw, _The Blasting of Rock_ (1898);
Prelini, _Earth and Rock Excavation_ (1905), chs. v., vi. and vii.;
Gillette, _The Excavation of Rock_ (1904); Guttmann, _Blasting_
(1892); Spon's _Dictionary of Engineering_, art. "Boring and
Blasting"; Eissler, _Modern High Explosives_ (1893), pts. ii. and
iii.; Walke, _Lectures on Explosives_ (1897), chs. xix.-xxii. Also:
_Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng._ (London), vol. lxxxv. p. 264; _Trans. Inst.
Min. Eng._ (England), vols. xiv., xv. and xvi. (arts, by W. Maurice),
vol. xxvi. pp. 322, 348, vol. xxiv. p. 526 and vol. xxv. p. 108;
_Trans. Amer. Soc. Civ. Eng._, vol. xxvii. p. 530; _Trans. Amer. Inst.
Min. Eng._, vol. xviii. p. 370, vol. xxix p. 405 and vol. xxxiv. p.
871; _South Wales Inst. Eng._ (1888); _Jour. Ass. Eng. Socs._, vol.
vii. p. 58; _Jour. Chem. Met. and Mining Soc. of South Africa_, August
1905; _School of Mines Quarterly_, N.Y., vol. ix. p. 308; _Colliery
Guardian_, April 15, 1898, and February 6, 1903; _Mines and Minerals_,
February 1905, p. 348, January 1906, p. 259, and April 1906, p. 393;
_Eng. and Mining Jour._, April 19, 1902, p. 552; _The Engineer_,
February 24, 1905; _Elec. Rev._, June 9, 1899; _Eng. News_, vol.
xxxii. p. 249, and August 3, 1905; _Gluckauf_, September 28, 1901, and
July 5, 1902; _Osterr. Zeitschr. f. Berg- u. Huttenwesen_, May 18, 25,
1901, April 18, 1903 and November, 18, 1905; _Annales des mines_, vol.
xviii. pp. 217-248. (R. P.*)

BLAUBEUREN, a town of Germany, in the kingdom of Wurttemberg, 12 m. W.
of Ulm, with which it is connected by railway. Pop. (1900) 3114. It is
romantically situated in a wild and deep valley of the Swabian Alps at
an altitude o