ages-Crespi Expedition 131
The Anza-Font Expedition 132
The Canizares Expedition 136
Exploratory and punitive expeditions, 1776-1811 138
Fr. Antonio Danti's expedition 140
Raymundo el Californio's trip 141
Pedro Amador's expeditions 141
Luis Peralta's expeditions 143
The Cuevas Affair 144
Fr. Jose Viader's first expedition 145
Fr. Ramon Abella's expedition 145
Aboriginal Groups 146
Location 146
Population estimates 148
Bibliography 150

MAPS
1. Outline map of Alameda and Contra Costa counties, facing 131
2. Map of the Port of San Francisco, 1776, by Jose Canizares 153
3. Revised map of the Port of San Francisco, 1781 155

[Illustration: Map 1. Outline map of Alameda and Contra Costa counties,
showing (1) the approximate areas inhabited by the principal tribal
groups and (2) the known archaeological habitation sites.]

THE ABORIGINAL POPULATION OF ALAMEDA AND
CONTRA COSTA COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA

BY
S. F. COOK

INTRODUCTION

The following pages have a twofold purpose. First, there is extended
to new territory an analysis of aboriginal population and ecology in
California which has already encompassed the San Joaquin Valley (Cook,
1955) and the north coast (Cook, 1956). The area treated here is a
portion of that occupied by the Costanoan linguistic division, which
extended from San Francisco Bay throughout the interior ranges and along
the coast as far south as the latitude of Salinas and Monterey. However,
in view of the many accounts which have been written concerning the
settlement of coastal California and the establishment of the missions,
it seems preferable to devote attention almost exclusively to one
restricted region and to deal with this as exhaustive