obstinate in battle." Louis might give this advice fearlessly, being
quite certain that Charles would not follow it. The latter's defeat at
Granson had thrown him into a state of gloomy irritation. At Lausanne,
where he staid for some time, he had "a great sickness, proceeding," says
Commynes, "from grief and sadness on account of this shame that he had
suffered; and, to tell the truth, I think that never since was his
understanding so good as it had been before this battle." Before he fell
ill, on the 12th of March, Charles issued orders from his camp before
Lausanne to his lieutenant at Luxembourg to put under arrest "and visit
with the extreme penalty of death, without waiting for other command from
us, all the men-at-arms, archers, cross-bowmen, infantry, or other
soldiery" who had fled or dispersed after the disaster at Granson; "and
as to those who be newly coming into our service it is ordered by us that
they, on pain of the same punishment, do march towards us with all
diligence; and if they make any delay, our pleasure is that you proceed
against them in the manner hereinabove declared without fail in any way."
With such fiery and ruthless energy Charles collected a fresh army,
having a strength, it is said, of from twenty-five to thirty thousand
men, Burgundians, Flemings, Italians, and English; and after having
reviewed it on the platform above Lausanne, he set out on the 27th of
May, 1476, and pitched his camp on the 10th of June before the little
town of Morat, six leagues from Berne, giving notice everywhere that it
was war to the death that he intended. The Swiss were expecting it, and
were prepared for it. The energy of pride was going to be pitted against
the energy of patriotism. "The Duke of Burgundy is here with all his
forces, his Italian mercenaries and some traitors of Germans," said the
letter written to the Bernese by the governor of Morat, Adrian of
Bubenberg; "the gentlemen of the magistracy, of the council, and of the
burgherhood may be free from fear and hurry, and may set at rest the
minds of all our confederates: I will defend Morat;" and he swore to the
garrison and the inhabitants that he would put to death the first who
should speak of surrender. Morat had been for ten days holding out
against the whole army of the Burgundians; the confederate Swiss were
arriving successively at Berne; and the men of Zurich alone were late.
Their fellow-countryman, Hans Waldmann, wrote to them, "We