Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March

Transportation
--------------

Railways:
total: 21,431 km
narrow gauge: 20,995 km 1.067-m gauge (9,087 km electrified); 436 km
0.610-m gauge (1995)

Highways:
total: 182,329 km
paved: 55,428 km (including 2,040 km of expressways)
unpaved: 126,901 km (1991 est.)

Pipelines: crude oil 931 km; petroleum products 1,748 km; natural
gas 322 km

Ports: Cape Town, Durban, East London, Mosselbaai, Port Elizabeth,
Richards Bay, Saldanha

Merchant marine:
total: 4 container ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 211,276
GRT/198,602 DWT (1995 est.)

Airports:
total: 667
with paved runways over 3 047 m: 10
with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 4
with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 44
with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 75
with paved runways under 914 m: 221
with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 33
with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 280 (1995 est.)

Communications
--------------

Telephones: 5,206,235 (1993 est.)

Telephone system: the system is the best developed, most modern,
and has the highest capacity in Africa
domestic: consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial
cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, and
radiotelephone communication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein,
Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria
international: 1 submarine cable; satellite earth stations - 3
Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations: AM 14, FM 286, shortwave 0

Radios: 12.1 million (1992 est.)

Television broadcast stations: 67 (1987 est.)

Televisions: 3.45 million (1990 est.)

Defense
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Branches: South African National Defense Force (SANDF; includes
Army, Navy, Air Force, and Medical Services), South African Police
Service (SAPS)

Manpower availability:
males age 15-49: 10,686,976
males fit for military service: 6,502,265
males reach military age (18) annually: 424,854 (1996 est.)

Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $2.9 billion,
2.2% of GDP (FY95/96)

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@South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
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(dependent territory of the UK)

Map
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Location: 54 30 S, 37 00 W -- Southern South America, islands in
the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South Ame