als and the village
priests. The annexed list shows the principal of these.

_Village menials_.

Lohar--Blacksmith.
Barhai--Carpenter.
Kumhar--Potter.
Nai--Barber.
Dhimar--Waterman.
Kahar--Palanquin-bearer.
Bari--Leaf-plate maker.
Bargah--Household servant.
Dhobi--Washerman.
Darzi--Tailor.
Basor or Dhulia--Village musician.
Bhat and Mirasi--Bard and genealogist.
Halba--House-servant and farm-servant.

_Castes of village watchmen_.

Khangar.
Chadar.
Chauhan.
Dahait.
Panka.

_Village priests and mendicants_.

Joshi--Astrologer.
Garpagari--Hail-averter.
Gondhali--Musician.

Manbhao
Jangam
Basdewa Wandering priests and mendicants.
Satani
Waghya

_Others_.

Mali--Gardener and maker of garlands.
Barai--Betel-vine grower and seller.

_Other village traders and artisans_.

Kalar--Liquor-vendor.
Teli--Oil-presser.

Hatwa
Manihar Pedlar.

Banjara--Carrier.

Bahelia
Pardhi Fowlers and hunters.

Bahna--Cotton-cleaner.
Chhipa--Calico-printer and dyer.
Chitrakathi--Painter and picture-maker.
Kachera--Glass bangle-maker.
Kadera--Fireworks-maker.
Nat--Acrobat.

Gadaria
Dhangar Shepherds.
Kuramwar

Beldar
Murha Diggers, navvies, and salt-refiners.
Nunia

The essential fact which formerly governed the status of this group
of castes appears to be that they performed various services for the
cultivators according to their different vocations, and were supported
by contributions of grain made to them by the cultivators, and by
presents given to them at seed-time and harvest. They were the clients
of the cultivators and the latter were their patrons and supporters,
and hence ranked above them. This condition of things survives only
in the case of a few castes, but prior to the introduction of a metal
currency must apparently have been the method of remuneration of all
the village industries. The Lohar or blacksmith makes and mends the
iron implements of agriculture, such as the ploughshare, axe, sickle
and goad. For this he is paid in Saugor a yearly contribution of 20
lbs. of grain per plough of land held by each cultivator, together with
a handful of grain at sowing-time and a sheaf at harvest from both the