ter he had
been driven from practising his profession in the courts."

Several old laws regulated wearing the beard in the bygone times. In the
reign of Queen Elizabeth a decree went forth that no barrister should
appear in court with a beard of more than a fortnight's growth.

Barristers with beards and moustaches are not much less common at the
present time than those without them. This is no doubt the result of the
martial order which passed over the country at the introduction of the
Volunteer movement. The moustache was regarded as indispensable to the
military appearance of the citizen soldier.

Old illustrated books relating to the worthies of the Church often
contain portraits of divines with flowing beards and moustaches. In
modern times the cultivation of these adornments of the face has given
rise to not a little discussion in Church circles. Early in 1861 the
newspapers criticised the charge of the Bishop of Rochester, which
included a denunciation of the development of beards and moustaches
among the clergymen of his diocese. The writing in the press for and
against the facial adornment had little point, but it gave rise to more
than one book dealing with the subject. An author issued "An Apology
for the Beard; addressed to men in general, and to the clergy in
particular" (London, 1862). The Bible and other books are quoted against
shaving. James Ward, R.A., the celebrated animal painter, produced in
book form a "Defence of the Beard." He dealt with his subject on
scriptural grounds, and gave eighteen reasons why man was bound to grow
a beard unless he was indifferent as to offending his Creator and good
taste. Mr. Ward asked, "What would a Jupiter be without a beard? Who
would countenance the idea of a shaved Christ?" The artist set an
example to others by adopting the beard when it was not popular. On the
title-page of another work was declared: "A Breach of the Sabbath, and a
Hindrance to the Spread of the Gospel." The writer designated himself
"Theologos." If his views were carried out, it would lead to the
practice which prevailed among the Essenes, who never did on the Sabbath
anything that was customary for them to do on other days. The High
Church clergymen use the razor, and as a rule the moustache is
discarded. For some time not a few of the clergy in the lower ranks
joined the moustache movement, but it was not until 1889 that a bishop
was included. The late Bishop Ryle, of Liverpool, was the f