e. If, following retreating ice, they first struck the
frozen ocean at the mouth of Mackenzie's River and then invented the
kyak and the throwing-stick, thence we may follow both of these in two
directions as they depart from a single source.

POINT BARROW TYPE.

Through the kindness of Mr. John Murdoch, I have examined a number from
this locality, all alike, collected in the expedition of Lieutenant Ray,
U.S.A. (Fig. 6). They are all of soft wood, and in general outline they
resemble a tall amphora, bisected, or with a slice cut out of the middle
longitudinally. There is a distinct "razor-strop" handle, while in those
previously described the handle is scarcely distinct from the body.
Marks 3, 4, 5, and 6 are wanting. The index-finger hole is very large
and eccentric, forming the handle of the "amphora." The groove for the
harpoon or spear-shaft commences opposite the index-finger cavity as a
shallow depression, and deepens gradually to its other extremity, where
the hook for the spear-shaft is formed by an ivory peg. This form is
structurally almost the same as the Anderson River type, only it is much
better finished.

KOTZEBUE SOUND TYPE.

The Kotzebue Sound type is an elongated truncated pyramid, or obelisk,
fluted on all sides (Fig. 7). The handle is in the spiral shape so
frequent in Eskimo skin-scrapers from Norton Sound and vicinity, and
exactly fits the thumb and the last three fingers. Marks 5 and 6 are
wanting. The index cavity is a _cul de sac_, into which the forefinger
is to be hooked when the implement is in use. Especial attention is
called to this characteristic because it occurs here for the first time
and will not be seen again after we pass Cape Vancouver. From Ungava to
Point Barrow the index-finger hole is eccentric and the finger passes
quite through the implement and to the right of the harpoon or
spear-shaft. In the Kotzebue type the index finger cavity is subjacent
to the spear-shaft groove, consequently the forefinger would be wounded
or at least in the way by passing through the stick. The spear or
harpoon-shaft groove is wide and shallow and passes immediately over the
index cavity. The hook is of ivory and stands up above the wood. It
needs only to be mentioned that this type, as well as those with
eccentric forefinger perforations are used with the naked hand.

In the quarto volume of Beechey's Voyage, page 324, is mentioned a
throwing-stick from Eschscholtz Bay, with a hole for t