rs or
until quite soft and swollen. Prunes, figs, and raisins are all nice
treated in this way.

3. EGG CREAM.

2 tablespoons fresh cream, the white of 1 egg.

Put the white of egg on to a plate and beat to a stiff froth with the flat
of a knife. (A palette knife is the best.) Then beat the cream into it.
This makes a nourishing dressing for either vegetable salad or fruit
salad. Especially suitable for invalids and persons of weak digestion.

4. PINE-KERNEL CHEESE.

Wash the kernels and dry well in a clean cloth. Spread out on the cloth
and carefully pick over for bad kernels or bits of hard shell. Put through
the macerator of the nut-butter mill. Well mix with the beaten pulp of a
raw tomato (first plunge it into boiling water for a few minutes, after
which the skin is easily removed). Raw carrot juice, or any other
vegetable or fruit juice pulp may also be used.

5. RAW CARROT JUICE.

Well scrub a medium sized carrot and grate it to a pulp on an ordinary
tinned bread grater. Put the pulp into a cheese cloth and squeeze out the
juice into a cup.

6. TWICE BAKED BREAD.

Cut moderately thin slices of white bread. Put into a moderate oven and
bake until a golden colour.

Granose biscuits warmed in the oven until crisp serve the same purpose as
twice-baked bread, _i.e.,_ a cereal food in which the starch has been
dextrinised by cooking. But the biscuits being soft and flaky can be
enjoyed by those for whom the twice-baked bread would be too hard.

XV.--WEIGHTS AND MEASURES AND UTENSILS.

If possible sieve all flour before measuring, as maggots are _sometimes_
to be found therein; also because tightly-compressed flour naturally
measures less than flour which has been well shaken up.

1 lb. = 16 ozs. = 3 teacupsful or 2 breakfastcupsful, closely filled, but
not heaped.

1/2 lb. = 8 ozs. = 1 breakfastcupful, closely filled, but not heaped.

1/4 lb. = 4 ozs. = 1 teacupful, loosely filled.

1 oz. = 2 tablespoonsful, filled level.

1/2 oz. = 1 tablespoonful, filled level.

1/4 oz. = 1 dessertspoonful, filled level.

4 gills = 1 pint = 3-1/2 teacupsful, or nearly 2 breakfastcupsful.

1 gill = 1 small teacupful.

10 unbroken eggs weigh about 1 lb.

1 oz. butter = 1 tablespoon heaped as much above the spoon as the spoon
rounds underneath.

USEFUL UTENSILS.

BAKING DISHES.--Earthenware are the best.

BREAD GRATER.--The simple tin grater, price 1d., grates bread, vegetables,
lemon