to make any use of the facts, give them
in rather fuller detail; but I think that I have given enough.

I hope that you may long have health, leisure, and inclination to do
much more work as excellent as your recent essay.

2.VIII.III. EXPRESSION, 1868-1874.

LETTER 463. TO F. MULLER. Down, January 30th [1868].

I am very much obliged for your answers, though few in number (October
5th), about expression. I was especially glad to hear about shrugging
the shoulders. You say that an old negro woman, when expressing
astonishment, wonderfully resembled a Cebus when astonished; but are you
sure that the Cebus opened its mouth? I ask because the Chimpanzee does
not open its mouth when astonished, or when listening. (463/1. Darwin
in the "Expression of the Emotions," adheres to this statement as being
true of monkeys in general.) Please have the kindness to remember that
I am very anxious to know whether any monkey, when screaming violently,
partially or wholly closes its eyes.

LETTER 464. TO W. BOWMAN.

(464/1. The late Sir W. Bowman, the well-known surgeon, supplied a good
deal of information of value to Darwin in regard to the expression of
the emotions. The gorging of the eyes with blood during screaming is
an important factor in the physiology of weeping, and indirectly in the
obliquity of the eyebrows--a characteristic expression of suffering. See
"Expression of the Emotions," pages 160 and 192.)

Down, March 30th [1868].

I called at your house about three weeks since, and heard that you were
away for the whole month, which I much regretted, as I wished to
have had the pleasure of seeing you, of asking you a question, and
of thanking you for your kindness to my son George. You did not quite
understand the last note which I wrote to you--viz., about Bell's
precise statement that the conjunctiva of an infant or young child
becomes gorged with blood when the eyes are forcibly opened during
a screaming fit. (464/2. Sir C. Bell's statement in his "Anatomy
of Expression" (1844, page 106) is quoted in the "Expression of the
Emotions," page 158.) I have carefully kept your previous note, in which
you spoke doubtfully about Bell's statement. I intended in my former
note only to express a wish that if, during your professional work, you
were led to open the eyelids of a screaming child, you would specially
observe this point about the eye showing signs of becoming gorged with
blood, which interests me extremely.