on bearing his name, with Spain as an ally.
The Queen sent the Earl of Essex to crush Tyrone. His failure to crush
or even to check the great leader, and his extraordinary conduct in
consenting to an armistice at the moment when he might have compelled a
surrender, brought such a reprimand from the furious Queen that he
rushed back to England, and to his death. Another and more successful
leader came--Mountjoy. The rebellion was put down, its leader exiled,
and his estate, comprising six entire counties, was confiscated,
planted with Scotch settlers, and Ulster, too, was "pacified."

The reign of Charles I. revived hope in Ireland. He wanted money, and
when Strafford came bearing profuse promises of religious and civil
liberty, and the righting of wrongs, a grateful Parliament at once
voted the L100,000 demanded for the immediate use of the Crown, also
10,000 foot and 1,000 horse for his use in the impending revolution,
which was soon precipitated by the attempt of Charles and Laud to force
the liturgy of the Established Church upon {214} the people in
Scotland. Between the Scotch Presbyterians and the Irish Catholics
there was the bitterest hatred engendered during the long strife
between the natives and the Scotch settlers. So the King's cause was
Ireland's cause, his enemies were her enemies, and his triumph would
also be hers. The day of liberation seemed at hand. The Lords of the
Pale were in constant communication with the King and ready to
co-operate with him in his designs upon Scotland. Such was the
situation when Charles, under the pressure of his need of money,
summoned the Parliament (1641)--the famous Long Parliament--which was
destined to sit for twenty eventful years.

Well would it be for Ireland if it could blot out the memory of that
year (1641) and the horrid event it recalls. The story briefly told is
that a plot, having for its end a general forcible exodus of the hated
settlers, was discovered and defeated, when a disappointed and
infuriated horde of armed men spent their rage upon a community of
Scotch settlers in Armagh and Tyrone, whom they massacred with horrible
barbarities.

There is no reason to believe this deed was {215} premeditated; but it
occurred, and was atrocious in details and appalling in magnitude.
There can be no justification for massacre at any time; but if there
were no background of cruelty for this particular one, it would stand
out blacker even than it does upo