as a lieutenant of the king.

He doubtless thought himself ill-used in that he lacked the wealth
which was needed to accomplish his ambitions at court. But if fortune
frowned upon him at Versailles, she made full compensation by granting
him the opportunity to govern Canada a second time. As he advanced in
years his higher qualities became more conspicuous. His vision
cleared. His vanities fell away. There remained traces of the old
petulance; but with graver duties his stature increased and the strong
fibre of his nature was disclosed. For his foibles he had suffered
much throughout his whole life. {161} But beneath the foibles lay
courage and resolve. It was his reward that in the hour of trial, when
upon his shoulders rested the fate of France in America, he was not
found wanting.

[1] Etienne da Carheil was the most active of the Jesuit missionaries
in Canada during the period of Frontenac. After fifteen years among
the Iroquois at Cayuga (1668-83) he returned for three years to Quebec.
He was then sent to Michilimackinac, where he remained another fifteen
years. Shortly after the founding of Detroit (1701) he gave up life in
the forest. Despite the great hardships which he endured, he lived to
be ninety-three. None of the missionaries was more strongly opposed to
the brandy trade.

{162}

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

Of the literature on Frontenac and his period the greater part is in
French. The books in English to which attention may be specially
called are:

Parkman, Francis: _Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV_.

Le Sieur, William Dawson: _Count Frontenac_ in the 'Makers of Canada'
series.

Winsor, Justin: _Cartier to Frontenac_.

Stewart, George: 'Frontenac and his Times' in the _Narrative and
Critical History of America_, edited by Justin Winsor, vol. iv.

In French the most important works are:

Lorin, Henri: _Le Comte de Frontenac_.

Myrand, Ernest: _Frontenac et ses Amis; Phips devant Quebec_.

Rochemonteix, Le Pere Camille de: _Les Jesuites et la Nouvelle France_,
vol. iii.

Gosselin, L'Abbe: _La Vie de Mgr Laval_.

Sulte, B.: _Histoire des Canadiens-Francais_.

Ferland, L'Abbe: _Cours d'Histoire du Canada_.

Faillon, L'Abbe: _Histoire de la Colonie Francaise en Canada_, vol. iii.

Gagnon, Ernest: _Le Fort et le Chateau Saint-Louis_.

{163}

Garneau, F.-X.: _Histoire du Canada_, edited by Hector Garneau.

Among the original sources for this peri