he replied as follows: 'I am not aware that the Trinity House
authorities have advanced so far as to be able to decide whether they
will require more magneto-electric machines, or whether, if they
should require them, they see reason to suppose the means of their
supply in this country, from the source already open to them, would
not be sufficient. Therefore I do not see that at present they want
to purchase a machine.' Faraday was obviously swayed by the desire to
protect the interests of Holmes, who had borne the burden and heat
which fall upon the pioneer. The Alliance machines were introduced
with success at Cape la Heve, near Havre; and the Elder Brethren of
the Trinity House, determined to have the best available apparatus,
decided, in 1868, on the introduction of machines on the Alliance
principle into the lighthouses at Souter Point and the South Foreland.
These, machines were constructed by Professor Holmes, and they still
continue in operation. With regard, then, to the application of
electricity to lighthouse purposes, the course of events was this: The
Dungeness light was introduced on January 31, 1862; the light at La
Heve on December 26, 1863, or nearly two years later. But Faraday's
experimental trial at the South Foreland preceded the lighting of
Dungeness by more than two years. The electric light was afterwards
established at Cape Grisnez. The light was started at Souter Point on
January 11, 1871; and at the South Foreland on January 1, 1872.

At the Lizard, which enjoys the newest and most powerful development
of the electric light, it began to shine on January 1, 1878.

*****

I have now to revert to a point of apparently small moment, but which
really constitutes an important step in the development of this
subject. I refer to the form given in 1857 to the rotating armature
by Dr. Werner Siemens, of Berlin. Instead of employing coils wound
transversely round cores of iron, as in the machine of Saxton,
Siemens, after giving a bar of iron the proper shape, wound his wire
longitudinally round it, and obtained thereby greatly augmented
effects between suitably placed magnetic poles. Such an armature is
employed in the small magneto-electric machine which I now introduce
to your notice, and for which the institution is indebted to Mr. Henry
Wilde, of Manchester. There are here sixteen permanent horse-shoe
magnets placed parallel to each other, and between their poles a
Siemens armature. Th