nancial status.--Social attraction of one class to next
below.--Each conscious of his limitation.--Large families confirm this
limitation.--The cost of the family.--The cost of maternity.--The craving
for ease and luxury. Parents' desire for their children's social
success.--Humble homes bear distinguished sons.--Large number with
University education in New Zealand.--No child labour except in hop and
dairy districts.--Hopeless poverty a cause of high birth-rates.--High
birth-rates a cause of poverty.--Fecundity depends on capacity of the
female to bear children.

CHAPTER VI.--ETHICS OF PREVENTION p. 31

Fertility the law of life.--Man interprets and controls this
law.--Marriage law necessary to fix paternal responsibility.--Malthus's
high ideal.--If prudence the motive, continence and celibacy violate
no law.--Post-nuptial intermittent restraint.--Ethics of prevention
judged by consequences.--When procreation is a good and when an
evil.--Oligantrophy.--Artificial checks are physiological sins.

CHAPTER VII.--WHO PREVENT p. 64

Desire for family limitation result of our social system.--Desire and
practice not uniform through all classes.--The best limit, the worst do
not.--Early marriages and large families.--N.Z. marriage rates.--Those
who delay, and those who abstain from marriage.--Good motives mostly
actuate.--All limitation implies restraint.--Birth-rates vary inversely
with prudence and self-control.--The limited family usually born in early
married life when progeny is less likely to be well developed.--Our
worst citizens most prolific. Effect of poverty on fecundity.--Effect
of alcoholic intemperance.--Effect of mental and physical
defects.--Defectives propagate their kind.--The intermittent inhabitants
of Asylums and Gaols constitute the greatest danger to society.--Character
the resultant of two forces--motor impulse and inhibition.--Chief criminal
characteristic is defective inhibition.--This defect is strongly
hereditary.--It expresses itself in unrestrained fertility.

CHAPTER VIII.--THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE FIT IN RELATION TO STATE p. 77

The State's ideal in relation to the fertility of its subjects.--Keen
competition means great effort and great waste of life.--If in the minds
of the citizens space and food are ample multiplication works
automatically.--To New Zealanders food now includes the luxuries as well
as the necessities of life.--Men are driven to the alternative of
supporting