here are soils in Western New York,
known to the writer, which have borne good crops of wheat every
other year for more than twenty years, and produce better now than
at the beginning of their cultivation. The resources of the earth in
supplying the elements of wheat and corn are extremely variable.
There are friable shaley rocks in Livingstone county, N.Y., which
crumble and slake when exposed to the air, that abound in all the
earthy minerals necessary to form good wheat. These rocks are
hundreds of feet in thickness, and have furnished much of the soil
in the valley of the Genesee. The Onondaga Salt Group, and other
contiguous strata, which extend into Canada West, form soils of
extraordinary capacity for growing wheat. Indeed, the rocks and
"drift" of a district give character to its arable surface.

Nothing is more needed at this time than a good geological map of
the United States, accompanied by an accurate and popularly arranged
work on agricultural geology. The writer had hoped to give such a
map in this report; but it is thought best to devote another year to
the collection of geological surveys and facts, and to the making of
more critical and extended researches before publishing.

In the matter of rotation of crops in connection with wheat culture,
clover and corn are generally preferred in all the Northern, and
most of the Middle States. In New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Michigan, Wisconsin, Northern Indiana, and Illinois, so far as the
writer is acquainted, a crop of wheat is made in rotation, either
every third, fourth, or fifth year. Wherever wool growing is united
with wheat culture, clover and wheat are the staple crops of the
farm. Wool and superfine flour are exported; farmers taking nearly
all the bran and shorts of the millers who purchase their wheat.

The offal of wheat makes not a little feed with chaff and cut straw.
Many agriculturists grow peas, beans, turnips, beets, and carrots in
large quantities, as well as clover, corn, oats, and barley. Peas
and beans, both stems and pulse, when well cured, are excellent feed
for sheep; and on good land they are easily grown. They prepare the
soil well for wheat.

All the manure derived from sheep is husbanded with extreme care by
the farmers who are gradually enriching their lands. On a deep,
rich, arable so