with them than with us. And I cannot help
thinking that the effect of giving families only two rooms and a small
scullery, one living-room and one bedroom for all, must have its effect
upon the morality of a population. Whatever the cause, we are told that
in Berlin 17 per cent. of the births are registered as illegitimate, in
Munich as many as 28 per cent., in Vienna over 40 per cent., while in
London they are only 5 per cent.

"The effect on German town populations," Mr. Horsfall states,
"especially on the poorer inhabitants of Berlin, of the conditions
existing in German towns is described in an appeal made in or about the
year 1886 by Professor Schmoller to his fellow-countrymen to deal
adequately and promptly with those conditions. The appeal has been
reprinted in an important Report published in 1911 by Dr. Werner
Hegemann:

'The circumstances are so terrible that one can only wonder
that the consequences have not been even worse. Only because a
large part of these poor people have brought from their
earlier life a store of good habits, of religious tradition, of
decent feeling, into these dens, has the worst not yet been
reached. But the children and young people who are now growing
up in these holes must necessarily lose the virtues of economy,
domesticity, family life, and all regard for law and property,
decency, and good habits. He who has no proper dwelling, but
only a sleeping-place, must fall a victim to the public-house
and to drink.... The community to-day is forcing the lower
strata of the factory proletariat of large towns by its
dwelling conditions with absolute necessity to fall back to a
level of barbarism and bestiality, of savagery and rowdiness,
which our forefathers hundreds of years ago had left behind
them. I maintain that there lies the greatest danger for our
civilization.'"

With such examples as this before her we must trust that Russia will set
about promoting the social well-being of her people with all her
characteristic independence, and determine that in their housing she
will have only those "great spaces" which are her characteristic
features in so many other ways. We have to tread this same road of
social reform also when the war is over, and it is good to think that we
may, perhaps, be able to take it, just as we have carried on the war,
without any party questions or party spirit connected wi