es. Greenhouse and storage
facilities are required and keen expert attention must be given the
newly-made grafts to assure success.

Reports on top-working and field grafting are both numerous and
voluminous. Morris (13), MacDaniels (11), Wilkinson (29), and others
have demonstrated the value of cutting back the stock a week or more
before setting the scion in order to avoid injury from excess flow of
sap. Reed (17), Stoke (27), Morris (14), Shessler (21), Sitton (23), and
others have described methods of preparing and setting scions in the
stock. All writers agree that greater success is secured when dormant
scions are set relatively late in the season. Becker (2) stated that
greater success was secured when scions were set from time leaves were
full-grown until catkins fell. Protection of the scion by waxes, paper
bags, and shading has been advocated by Morris (14), MacDaniels (11),
Shelton (20), Shessler (21), and others.

Propagation by Budding

The shield or T bud has not been considered suitable for thick-barked
trees such as hickory and walnut due to the difficulty of preventing
"air-pockets" beneath the bark. Shaving the edges of the bark at the
side of the shield may eliminate this difficulty. Joley (9), reported
variable success in shield budding of walnut in California. Patch
budding, either by the annular method or with the Jones patch-budding
tool was described by Reed (17), and is reported by Chase (6), Zarger
(30), and others to be the most practical method of propagation with
walnuts. Pecans and hickories are commonly patch-budded in summer in
commercial nurseries. The thin-barked Chinese chestnut is usually budded
by the shield-or T-bud method as reported by Hardy (8) and McKay (12).

Scion and Budstick Handling

Sitton (22) reported that two-year wood of black walnut was superior to
either older or younger wood. MacDaniels (11) advocated the base of the
scion to be in the two-year wood and the tip in the one-year wood.

Shelton (19) reported that scions could be kept moist until used by
storing in a closed container with a small amount of sodium sulphate,
commonly known as "Glauber's salt". The usual method of scion storage is
to pack in moist but not wet peat or sphagnum moss and place in a
refrigerator at about 35 deg. F. Waxes and resins have been used
successfully to prevent undue loss from the plant tissues while in
storage.

Waxes and Dressings

Propagators seldom agree in their c