scientific studies, thereby securing more lucrative positions as
teachers, and pass their examinations for graduation with
success.

Switzerland being made up of more than a score of separate cantons
closely resembling our States in their political organization, it
is difficult to arrive at the exact situation throughout the whole
country--small though it be. However, generally speaking, it may be
said that the Helvetic republic has remained almost a passive
spectator of the woman movement, though a few signs of progress are
worthy of note. The Catholic cantons lag behind those that have
adopted Protestantism, and the latter are led by Geneva. Though
subject to the Napoleonic code, Geneva has never known that
debasing law of the tutelage of women which existed for so long a
time in the other cantons, even in the intelligent canton of Vaud,
where it was abolished only in 1873. It was not until 1881 that a
federal statute put an end to the law throughout all Switzerland.
Geneva has always been very liberal in its treatment of married
women--divorce exists, excellent intermediate girls' schools were
created more than thirty years ago, and women are admitted to all
the university lectures. Marie Goegg, the untiring leader of the
movement in that country, writes me:

However, notwithstanding these examples of liberality, which
denote that the law-makers had a breadth of view in accord with
their time, Switzerland, as a whole, has been one of the least
disposed of European States to accept the idea of the civil
emancipation of woman, much less her political emancipation, so
that from 1848 to 1868 the demands of American women were
considered here to be the height of extravagance.... The seed
planted in America in 1848, though its growth was difficult,
finally began to take root in Europe. The hour had come.

In March, 1868, Marie Goegg published a letter, in which she
invited the women of all nations to join with her in the formation
of a society. In July of that same year the Woman's International
Association was founded at Geneva with Marie Goegg as president.
The organization began immediately an active work, and through its
efforts, several of the reforms already mentioned were brought
about, and public opinion in Switzerland considerably enlightened
on the question. Mrs. Goegg says:

With the object of advancing the young movement, I established at
my