sculptor desires, he proceeds himself to
give it the finishing touches, improving the details of form and
expression, managing the different effects produced by two different
materials--one, the plastic model, being opaque; the other, the marble,
being considerably diaphanous; giving the proper varieties of texture in
the flesh, hair, and drapery, and, more especially, harmonizing the
whole.

"The rich quality of surface that appears more or less in works of
marble is produced by rubbing with fine sand or pumice-stone and other
substances, and the ancients appear to have completed this part of their
work by a process which is called '_circumlitio_,' and may mean not only
rubbing or polishing, but applying some composition, such as hot wax, to
give a soft, glowing color to the surface. Many of the ancient statues
certainly exhibit the appearance of some foreign substance having
slightly penetrated the surface of the work to about one eighth of an
inch, and its color is of a warmer tint than the marble below it; a
process, be it observed, quite distinct from and not to be confounded
with _polychromy_, or what is usually understood by painting sculpture
with various tints, in imitation of the natural color of the complexion,
hair, and eyes. Its object, probably, with the ancients as with modern
sculptors, has been simply to get rid of the glare and freshness of
appearance that is sometimes objected to in a recently finished work, by
giving a general warmth to the color of the marble."

INDEX.

"Abduction of Briseis" (Thorwaldsen), 257

Abildgaard, 254

"Abraham and Isaac," 139

"Abundance" (della Porta), 212

Academy of Fine Arts, Florence, Michael Angelo's David in, 201

Achilles, story of, 26;
and Priam (Thorwaldsen), 299;
and Penthesilea (Schadow), 270

Acropolis, 78

Action in Egyptian sculpture, 3

"Actaeon and his Dogs," 24

"Adam" (Cano), 220

"Adam and Eve," reliefs of, 138, 139;
by Rizzo, 154

"Adonis" (Thorwaldsen), 258

"Adoring Madonna," 152

AEgina, marbles of, and Thorwaldsen, 260

AEmilius Paulus, 84

"AEneas and Anchises" (Chaudet), 248

AEsculapius. _See_ Asclepius

AEtolians, 84

Agamemnon, 90

Agesander and the Laocoon, 74

Agnello, Fra Guglielmo d', 130

Agoracritus, 49, 51

Agrippa and the Apoxyomenos, 70

Agrippina, statue of, 103

Aix, 275

Alaric and Minerva