he was joined
by Lysander and his forces. It was known at Athens that the views of
Pausanias were unfavourable to the proceedings of Lysander; and the
presence of the Spartan king elicited a vehement reaction against the
oligarchy, which fear had hitherto suppressed. All parties sent envoys
to Sparta. The Ephors and the Lacedaemonian Assembly referred the
question to a committee of fifteen, of whom Pausanias was one. The
decision of this board was: That the exiles in Piraeus should be
readmitted to Athens, and that there should be an amnesty for all that
had passed, except as regarded the Thirty and the Ten.

When these terms were settled and sworn to, the Peloponnesians quitted
Attica; and Thrasybulus and the exiles, marching in solemn procession
from Piraeus to Athens, ascended to the Acropolis and offered up a
solemn sacrifice and thanksgiving. An assembly of the people was then
held, and after Thrasybulus had addressed an animated reproof to the
oligarchical party, the democracy was unanimously restored. This
important counter-revolution took place in the spring of 403 B.C. The
archons, the senate of 500, the public assembly, and the dicasteries
seem to have been reconstituted in the same form as before the capture
of the city.

Thus was terminated, after a sway of eight months, the despotism of the
Thirty. The year which contained their rule was not named after the
archon, but was termed "the year of anarchy." The first archon drawn
after their fall was Euclides, who gave his name to a year ever
afterwards memorable among the Athenians.

For the next few years the only memorable event in the history of
Athens is the death of Socrates. This celebrated philosopher was born
in the year 468 B.C., in the immediate neighbourhood of Athens. His
father, Sophroniscus, was a sculptor, and Socrates was brought up to,
and for some time practised, the same profession. He was married to
Xanthippe, by whom he had three sons; but her bad temper has rendered
her name proverbial for a conjugal scold. His physical constitution
was healthy, robust, and wonderfully enduring. Indifferent alike to
heat and cold the same scanty and homely clothing sufficed him both in
summer and winter; and even in the campaign of Potidaea, amidst the
snows of a Thracian winter, he went barefooted. But though thus gifted
with strength of body and of mind, he was far from being endowed with
personal beauty. His thick lips, flat nose, a