et instead of two,
each foot being taken out of the water as it is swung forward, the
first and fourth and second and third rows being worked together.
Although, on account of their size, which covers several acres, they
can go in any water, they give the best results on Mediterraneans and
lakes that are free from ocean rollers, and, under favourable
conditions, make better speed than the nineteenth-century express
trains, and, of course, going straight as the crow flies, and without
stopping, they reach a destination in considerably shorter time.

"Some passengers and express packages still cross the Atlantic on
'spiders,' but most of these light cargoes go in a far pleasanter and
more rapid way. The deep-displacement vessels, for heavy freight, make
little better speed than was made by the same class a hundred years
ago. But they are also run entirely by electricity, largely supplied
by wind, and by the tide turning their motors, which become dynamos
while at anchor in any stream. They therefore need no bulky boilers,
engines, sails, or coal-bunkers, and consequently can carry
unprecedentedly large cargoes with comparatively small crews. The
officers on the bridge and the men in the crow's nest--the way to which
is by a ladder INSIDE the mast, to protect the climber from the
weather--are about all that is needed; while disablement is made
practically impossible, by having four screws, each with its own set of
automatically lubricating motors.

"This change, like other labour-saving appliances, at first resulted in
laying off a good many men, the least satisfactory being the first to
go; but the increase in business was so great that the intelligent men
were soon reemployed as officers at higher rates of pay and more
interesting work than before, while they as consumers were benefited as
much as any one else by the decreased cost of production and
transportation.

"With a view to facilitating interchange still further, our Government
has gradually completed the double coast-line that Nature gave us in
part. This was done by connecting islands separated from shore by
navigable water, and leaving openings for ingress and exit but a few
hundred yards wide. The breakwaters required to do this were built
with cribbing of incorrodible metal, affixed to deeply driven metallic
piles, and filled with stones along coasts where they were found in
abundance or excess. This, while clearing many fields and improving
them