, and Theodore Wilder.

The wounded were removed to Culpepper during the night, and after two or
three days, to Alexandria.

The battle of Cedar Mountain proved the most destructive of all, to the
Seventh. Seventy-five per cent. were killed and wounded.

[Sidenote: Pope's Retreat.]

Gen. Pope learned from this defeat, that "lines of retreat and bases of
operations" were phrases that properly had places in the military
vocabulary.

Gen. Lee's opportunity had come to compel all the Union forces to fall
back to Washington and Maryland.

After the grand review on the 18th of August, made in compliance with
the President's order to all the U. S. troops, the general retreat was
commenced. A delay was made on the banks of the Rappahannock. The
Seventh took part in the skirmishes along the stream for fifteen miles.

August 27th the retreat was renewed. The route of the regiment was by
way of Catlett Station, Bristoe Station, Brentsville, Manassas,
Centerville, Alexandria, Arlington Heights, Aqueduct Bridge, Georgetown,
Frederick, and South Mountain, to the field of Antietam, where it
arrived, September 17, 1862, in time to engage once more in the bloody
work of battle. The greater part of this march had been made without the
comfort of blankets at night, and the exposures had much diminished the
strength of the men.

The Seventh Ohio did not take a very active part in this battle.
Sergeant Jones and Corporal Goodsell were severely wounded and left at
Sharpsburg. The Corporal died on the 19th.

This defeat of Gen. Lee turned the faces of both armies toward Richmond.

September 29, Gen. Geary's brigade went into camp on the rocky side of
Loudon Heights, and, a few days afterwards, moved to Bolivar Heights.

Capt. Shurtleff here returned to the company for the first time after
his capture, but, being detailed as Inspector General on Gen. Wilcox's
Staff, he did not take command.

Harper's Ferry is situated at the confluence of the Potomac and
Shenandoah rivers. The towering bluff on the north side of the Potomac
is called Maryland Heights; that on the south side, Loudon Heights; and
the one between the rivers is called Bolivar Heights. The physical
development of the soldiers was secured by the necessity of carrying
their water half a mile up the steep hill of Loudon Heights. On the 11th
of October, thirty-one recruits swelled the company to a respectable
size. Their names and record appear in the latter part of thi