inese on European
stock, and it has been there for 20 years or more, _grafted high_. I
have Chinese on Japanese grafted _under the ground_. I think a good deal
of our damage is done from wind, from cold, and from sun on the graft
_just above the ground_. I suspect that grafting at that point is what
is the matter with many trees in the TVA plantings and others that had
low survival. Of late years when I did the grafting (in the last five or
six years) I cut the stock underneath the ground and stuck the graft
under the ground and seemingly I got far better results. Some of those
graft failures showed up. I laid that largely to mechanical damage, and
again with the Japanese, particularly, I laid it on the time when the
sap comes up. Call it what you will, but the timing of the growth of the
two trees is different and we had trouble there. I have grafted some
very widely different kinds of chestnuts on the tops of other chestnuts,
and am getting them to grow. When we see the break start, we take a twig
from below and break and put it above, cut through the cambium and nail
it on and they will heal over and the defect disappears. So, again, it
seems to be mechanical.

Mr. McDaniel: I believe from observations on a number of trees,
particularly Dr. Richards' in West Tennessee, that a large part of our
so-called incompatibility in this State is due to winter injury _to the
stock_. So what Dr. Richards meant, evidently, was that he was rather
successful in getting a "take" from last summer's propagation but the
stock then failed below the union this spring. I saw his trees, and they
had the typical discoloration of bark and the dying of various bark
areas--these girdling the whole tree in a number of instances. [See
Richards' paper in this report.] I would agree in general with what Mr.
Bush has just said, but there are certain other instances in which we
think the only word for what we see is "incompatibility."

Mr. Slate: What are the prospects of planting those low-grafted trees
rather deep?

Mr. Bush: I think that if the roots started to die the grafted tree
would start a root above the graft. The sap is going up from the root.
It will go down and the root will start above the graft and go out above
the graft, thus getting the tree on its own root.

Mr. Stoke: Since we got onto grafting, do you mind if I say a word? Here
is a four-branch, top-worked specimen that I chopped off and brought
with me. This first tree limb