ization en Europe_,
Lect. 5.

[291] _Grounds_.--De Maistre and Fenelon both agree in grounding this
power on constitutional right; but the former also admitted a divine
right.--De Maistre, _Du Pape_, lib. ii. p. 387.

[292] _Grant_.--See M. Gosselin's _Power of the Popes during the
Middle Ages_, for further information on this subject.

[293] _Writer_.--_Ireland, Historical and Statistical_.

[294] _Bull_.--There can be no reasonable doubt of the authenticity of
this document. Baronius published it from the _Codex Vaticanus_; John
XXII. has annexed it to his brief addresed to Edward II.; and John of
Salisbury states distinctly, in his _Metalogicus_, that he obtained this
Bull from Adrian. He grounds the right of donation on the supposed gift
of the island by Constantine. As the question is one of interest and
importance, we subjoin the original: "Ad preces meas illustri Regi
Anglorum Henrico II. concessit (Adrianus) et dedit Hiberniam jure
haereditario possidendam, sicut literae ipsius testantur in hodiernum
diem. Nam omnes insulae de jure antiquo ex donatione Constantini,
qui eam fundavit et dotavit, dicuntur ad Romanam Ecclesiam
pertinere."--_Metalogicus_, i. 4.

[295] _Friends.--Hib. Expug_. lib. ii. c. 38.

[296] _Hugh de Lacy_.--In a charter executed at Waterford, Henry had
styled this nobleman "Bailli," a Norman term for a representative of
royalty. The territory bestowed on him covered 800,000 acres. This was
something like wholesale plunder.

[297] _Building_.--This was the Danish fortress of Dublin, which
occupied the greater part of the hill on which the present Castle of
Dublin stands. See _note,_ Four Masters, vol. iii. p. 5. The Annals say
this was a "spectacle of intense pity to the Irish." It certainly could
not have tended to increase their devotion to English rule.

[298] _Waterford_.--The English and Irish accounts of this affair differ
widely. The Annals of Innisfallen make the number of slain to be only
seven hundred. MacGeoghegan agrees with the Four Masters.

[299] _Coat-of-mail_.--Costly mantles were then fashionable. Strutt
informs us that Henry I. had a mantle of fine cloth, lined with black
sable, which cost L100 of the money of the time--about L1,500 of our
money. Fairholt gives an illustration of the armour of the time
(_History of Costume_, p. 74). It was either tegulated or formed of
chains in rings. The nasal appendage to the helmet was soon after
discarded, probably from the in