lution. In gargling, simply throw back the head and allow the
fluid to flow back as far as possible into the throat without
swallowing it. The frequent use of one of these fluids in an atomizer
is even preferable to gargling. As an additional treatment, the
employment of a soothing and pleasant substance, as peppermints,
hoarhound or lemon drops, or marshmallows or gelatin lozenges, is
efficacious, and will prove an agreeable remedy to the patient in sad
contrast with many of our prescriptions. The use of tobacco must be
stopped while the throat is sore.

[Illustration: PLATE IV

=Plate IV=

=THE LARYNX=

The illustration on the opposite page shows the upper part of the
larynx and the base of the tongue.

During the inspiration of a full breath, or when singing a low note,
the =Epiglottis= lies forward and points upward, as shown in the cut,
with the glottis (the passage leading into the windpipe between the
vocal cords) wide open.

During the act of swallowing, the epiglottis is turned downward and
backward until it touches the =Cricoid Cartilage=, thus closing the
glottis. The cricoid cartilage, which forms the upper part of the
framework of the larynx, rests on the "Adam's apple."

The =False Vocal Cords= are bands of ligament, and take no part in the
production of sound.

The =True Vocal Cords= move during talking or singing, and relax or
contract when sounding, respectively, a low or high note. Hoarseness
and cough occurring during laryngitis, diphtheria, and croup, are the
result of inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx.]

=TONSILITIS= (_Follicular Tonsilitis_).--Tonsilitis is a germ disease
and is contagious. Exposure to cold and wet and to germ-laden air
renders persons more liable to attacks. It is more likely to occur in
young people, especially those who have already suffered from the
disease and whose tonsils are chronically enlarged, and is most
prevalent in this country in spring. The disease appears to be often
associated with rheumatism. Tonsilitis begins much like _grippe_, with
fever, headache, backache and pain in the limbs, sore throat, and pain
in swallowing. On inspecting the throat (with the tongue held down
firmly by a spoon handle and the mouth widely open in a good light,
preferably sunlight) the tonsils will be seen to be swollen, much
reddened, and dotted over with pearl-white spots.

Sometimes only one tonsil is so affected, but the other is likely to
become