hall be in a position to
attempt a brief sketch of the fundamental laws which have determined the
general coloration of the animal world.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 65: _Proceedings of the Royal Society_, No. 243, 1886;
_Transactions of the Royal Society_, vol. clxxviii. B. pp. 311-441.]

[Footnote 66: _A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago_, p.
460.]

[Footnote 67: _Trans. Phil. Soc._ (? _of S. Africa_), 1878, part iv, p.
27.]

[Footnote 68: _Proc. Zool. Soc._, 1862 p. 357.]

[Footnote 69: With reference to this general resemblance of insects to
their environment the following remarks by Mr. Poulton are very
instructive. He says: "Holding the larva of Sphinx ligustri in one hand
and a twig of its food-plant in the other, the wonder we feel is, not at
the resemblance but at the difference; we are surprised at the
difficulty experienced in detecting so conspicuous an object. And yet
the protection is very real, for the larvae will be passed over by those
who are not accustomed to their appearance, although the searcher may be
told of the presence of a large caterpillar. An experienced entomologist
may also fail to find the larvae till after a considerable search. This
is general protective resemblance, and it depends upon a general harmony
between the appearance of the organism and its whole environment. It is
impossible to understand the force of this protection for any larva,
without seeing it on its food-plant and in an entirely normal condition.
The artistic effect of green foliage is more complex than we often
imagine; numberless modifications are wrought by varied lights and
shadows upon colours which are in themselves far from uniform. In the
larva of Papilio machaon the protection is very real when the larva is
on the food-plant, and can hardly be appreciated at all when the two are
apart." Numerous other examples are given in the chapter on "Mimicry and
other Protective Resemblances among Animals," in my _Contributions to
the Theory of Natural Selection_.]

[Footnote 70: _The Naturalist in Nicaragua_, p. 19.]

[Footnote 71: R. Meldola, in _Proc. Zool. Soc._, 1873, p. 155.]

[Footnote 72: _Nature_, vol. iii. p. 166.]

[Footnote 73: _Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond._, 1878, p. 185.]

[Footnote 74: _Ibid._ (_Proceedings_, p. xlii.)]

[Footnote 75: Wallace's _Malay Archipelago_, vol. i. p. 204 (fifth
edition, p. 130), with figure.]

[Footnote 76: Moseley's _Notes by a Naturalist on the Challenger_.]