upon, 178-79;
agriculture, 180 et seq.;
industries, 188 et seq.;
minerals, 190-92;
exclusion of Huguenots from, 195-96;
trade conditions, 198-201;
social organization, 203 et seq.;
seigneurs, 206-07;
homes of habitants, 207-11;
clothing, 211-13;
food, 213-17;
use of tobacco, 217;
festivities, 217-21;
folklore, 221-22;
poverty of habitants, 223;
litigious disposition of people, 224-25;
religion, 225;
characteristics of people, 225-26;
types of population, 227;
bibliography, 229-31
New France, Company of, _see_ One Hundred Associates, Company of
Newfoundland, Cartier's expeditions rests at, 18
Niagara,
fort rebuilt by Denonville, 96;
La Salle builds post at, 104

Old Council, 55
One Hundred Associates, Company of,
organization, 50;
powers and duties, 50-51;
sends fleet to the St. Lawrence (1628), 51;
sends Champlain as representative, 52-53;
charter revoked, 61;
failure of, 62;
grants by, 137-38;
restricts industry, 196
Onondagas, The, Champlain's attack upon, 46
Ontario, Lake, 46
Ottawa River, 44

Perrot, Nicholas, 95, 163
Pontgrave of St. Malo, 32, 29
Port Royal (Annapolis), 36, 37
Portugal,
early explorations, 15, 16;
colonial ventures, 49
Poutrincourt, Biencourt de, 35, 36, 38

Quebec,
Champlain settles, 39-40;
population, 48;
surrenders to English, 51-52;
burns, 93;
pivot of social life, 204-05;
_see also_ Stadacona

Recollets, The, 115
Richelieu, Cardinal,
interest in colonial ventures under, 7-8;
becomes chief minister of Louis XIII, 49;
prevails upon King to organize colonizing company (1627), 50;
interest in New France not lasting, 60
Richelieu River, 41
Roberval, Jean Francois de la Roque, Sieur de,
enlists services of Cartier, 25-26,
meets Cartier returning to France, 27;
winters at Cap Rouge, 28
Rouen, birthplace of La Salle, 100

Sable Island, 32
Saguenay River, 34
St. Croix, 36-37
St. Germain-en-Laye, Treaty of (1632), 52
St. John's, Newfoundland, 27
Sec.t. Lawrence, Gulf of, 18
St. Louis, Fort, 109
St. Malo, 16-17, 19, 25, 29
St. Maurice, 28
Seigneurs of New France, 133 et seq., 206-07
Sovereign Council, 63-66
Spain,
early explorations, 15, 16;
colonial ventures, 49
Stadacona (Lower Quebec), 21, 26, 39
Sully, Due de, opposed to colonial ventures, 7
Sulpicians, The, 102, 128
Superior Council, _see_ Sovereign Council

Talon, Jean, first Intendant of New France (1665),