absorption are vertigo, deafness, sounds
in the ears, stupefaction, a subnormal temperature, nausea, vomiting and
a weak pulse (Sir Thomas Fraser).

The antidote in cases of carbolic acid poisoning is any soluble
sulphate. Carbolic acid and sulphates combine in the blood to form
sulpho-carbolates, which are innocuous. The symptoms of nerve-poisoning
are due to the carbolic acid (or its salts) which circulate in the blood
after all the sulphates in the blood have been used up in the formation
of sulpho-carbolates (hence, during administration of carbolic acid, the
urine should frequently be tested for the presence of free sulphates; as
long as these occur in the urine, they are present in the blood and
there is no danger). The treatment is therefore to administer an ounce
of sodium sulphate in water by the mouth, or to inject a similar
quantity of the salt in solution directly into a vein or into the
subcutaneous tissues. Magnesium sulphate may be given by the mouth, but
is poisonous if injected intravenously. If the acid has been swallowed,
wash out the stomach and give chalk, the carbolate of calcium being
insoluble. Alkalis which form soluble carbolates are useless. Give ether
and brandy subcutaneously and apply hot water-bottles and blankets if
there are signs of collapse.

CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12), one of the chemical non-metallic
elements. It is found native as the diamond (q.v.), graphite (q.v.), as
a constituent of all animal and vegetable tissues and of coal and
petroleum. It also enters (as carbonates) into the composition of many
minerals, such as chalk, dolomite, calcite, witherite, calamine and
spathic iron ore. In combination with oxygen (as carbon dioxide) it is
also found to a small extent in the atmosphere. It is a solid substance
which occurs in several modifications, differing very much in their
physical properties. _Amorphous carbon_ is obtained by the destructive
distillation of many carbon compounds, the various kinds differing very
greatly as regards physical characters and purity, according to the
substance used for their preparation. The most common varieties met with
are lampblack, gas carbon, wood charcoal, animal charcoal and coke.
_Lampblack_ is prepared by burning tar, resin, turpentine and other
substances rich in carbon, with a limited supply of air; the products of
combustion being conducted into condensing chambers in which cloths are
suspended, on which the carbon coll