, owned by M. H. De Young, and the _Times_, in Los Angeles,
by Harrison Grey Otis, were relentless opponents. Much assistance was
rendered in the Legislature and the campaign by E. A. Dickson, a
prominent journalist of Los Angeles. The women connected with the
press were sympathetic and helpful.

A most important feature of this remarkable campaign was the work of
the College Equal Suffrage League of Northern California, which had
been organized in 1909 for educational work among college women. When
the suffrage amendment was submitted in February, 1911, the league
decided to go actively into the campaign. The officers elected in May
were as follows: Miss Charlotte Anita Whitney (Wellesley), president;
Dr. Adelaide Brown (Smith), first vice-president; Miss Caroline Cook
Jackson (Cornell), second; Miss Lillien J. Martin (Vassar), third;
Miss Belle Judith Miller (California), recording secretary; Miss
Genevieve Cook (California Woman's Hospital), corresponding secretary;
Mrs. Genevieve Allen (Stanford), executive secretary; Dr. Anna Rude
(Cooper Medical College), treasurer; Dr. Rachel L. Ash (California),
delegate to Council. Directors: Miss Ethel Moore (Vassar); Mrs. Mabel
Craft Deering (California); Miss Kate Ames (Stanford); Mrs. Carlotta
Case Hall (Elmira); Miss Frances W. McLean (California); Mrs. Thomas
Haven (California); Dr. Kate Brousseau (University of Paris); Mrs. C.
H. Howard (California).[16]

Altogether $2,075 were sent to the league from the East. Its total
receipts were $11,030 in fixed sums and the personal donations of its
working members in telegrams, postage, car fare, expressage, use of
automobiles, etc., amounted to thousands. At a meeting held in Oakland
Miss Sylvia Pankhurst spoke to more than a thousand persons who had
paid for their seats.

Every legitimate method of campaigning was used, beginning with the
printing of 900,000 leaflets. There were posters and all kinds of
designs; city circularizing of the most thorough kind in many
languages; pageants, plays, concerts and public social functions; the
placarding of city bill boards over miles of country; advertising of
every possible kind; huge electric and other signs; long weeks of
automobile campaigning in the country and the villages; special
speakers for all sorts of organizations; a handsome float in the labor
day parade; speaking at vaudeville shows--there was no cessation of
these eight months' strenuous work. The campaigning in Sacram